Table 1 Phases in the formation of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Phases in the formation of municipal risk management

RM phase	Resources	Process	Rationale	Focus
Beginners with focus on local problematization (corresponding with mostly the object formation and elaboration phases in Power, 2015)	Low, e.g. “one-man show” (City D and F). RM is being elaborated, or activities have been started, most case cities	Low integration, ad-hoc meetings, separate risk survey from time to time	Local risk event. Security focus in City D and F (stabbing)	Focusing on one risk: Safety or Economic, often based on a local risk event (e.g. stabbing in City D)
Beginners with focus on the new regulation (corresponding mostly with the activity orchestration phase in Power, 2015)	Many people, calculative practices start to develop, activity is orchestrated, e.g. Cities A and B	Annual risk mapping, steering group and meetings regularly	Conformance to law (municipality act), RM tools, e.g. City A	Wide perception of RM in object formation: e.g. Safety, Economic and citizen well-being
Forerunners (corresponding mostly with the stabilization via infrastructure phase in Power, 2015)	Integrated into practices, several tools used, stabilization and institutionalization of know-how, e.g. City C, E and G	RM becomes an integrated part of managerial work and budgeting processes, e.g. City C and G	Integration to strategy and ethical considerations, e.g. City G	Safety, economic, well-being, but possibly also environmental, political etc. risks, e.g. City G

RM phase	Resources	Process	Rationale	Focus
Beginners with focus on local problematization (corresponding with mostly the object formation and elaboration phases in Power, 2015)	Low, e.g. “one-man show” (City D and F). RM is being elaborated, or activities have been started, most case cities	Low integration, ad-hoc meetings, separate risk survey from time to time	Local risk event. Security focus in City D and F (stabbing)	Focusing on one risk: Safety or Economic, often based on a local risk event (e.g. stabbing in City D)
Beginners with focus on the new regulation (corresponding mostly with the activity orchestration phase in Power, 2015)	Many people, calculative practices start to develop, activity is orchestrated, e.g. Cities A and B	Annual risk mapping, steering group and meetings regularly	Conformance to law (municipality act), RM tools, e.g. City A	Wide perception of RM in object formation: e.g. Safety, Economic and citizen well-being
Forerunners (corresponding mostly with the stabilization via infrastructure phase in Power, 2015)	Integrated into practices, several tools used, stabilization and institutionalization of know-how, e.g. City C, E and G	RM becomes an integrated part of managerial work and budgeting processes, e.g. City C and G	Integration to strategy and ethical considerations, e.g. City G	Safety, economic, well-being, but possibly also environmental, political etc. risks, e.g. City G

Source(s): Author's own creation/work