Table 1 Measurement model and...

Table 1

Measurement model and descriptive statistics

Panel A: Lower-order constructs (PLS-model)
	Loading	CR/AVE	Min	Max	Mean/frequency	Std.dev	Kurtosis	Skewness
Repair		0.903/0.824	1	7	4.157	1.358	0.002	−0.710
Item 1	0.930
Item 2	0.885
Flexibility (reverse coded)		Manifest/one-item	1	7	5.034	1.907	−0.732	−0.607
Internal transparency		0.899/0.692	1	7	4.289	1.451	0.005	−0.654
Item 1	0.833
Item 2	0.894
Item 3	0.888
Item 4	0.697
Global transparency		0.850/0.656	1	7	3.406	1.332	0.288	−0.565
Item 1	0.882
Item 2	0.683
Item 3	0.850
ManTrust		0.882/0.653	1	7	4.531	1.265	−0.372	−0.228
Item 1	0.697
Item 2	0.842
Item 3	0.826
Item 4	0.857
Fairness		0.925/0.860	1.67	7	4.761	1.180	−0.131	−0.307
Item 1	0.923
Item 2	0.932
Meaning		0.907/0.765	4	7	6.475	0.657	−1.216	1.224
Item 1	0.785
Item 2	0.919
Item 3	0.913
Impact		0.935/0.826	1.33	7	5.563	1.235	−1.033	0.973
Item 1	0.910
Item 2	0.884
Item 3	0.932
Competence		0.892/0.735	3.33	7	6.187	0.730	−1.058	1.578
Item 1	0.793
Item 2	0.805
Item 3	0.963
Self-determination		0.947/0.855	1.33	7	5.735	1.142	−0.943	0.720
Item 1	0.920
Item 2	0.933
Item 3	0.922
Red tape		Manifest	1	10	6.500	2.250	−0.320	−0.805
Control variables
ManLevel		Manifest	0 (level 2)	1 (level 1)	1 = 90%
Personnel		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 75.4%
Headmaster		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 23.2%
Tenure		Manifest	1	35	7.570	6.861	1.417	1.672
Sex (male)		Manifest	1 (female)	2 (male)	2 = 34%
Edu (business, policy, law)		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 10.9%
Extraversion		Manifest	4.00	10.00	8.564	1.417	−0.170	−0.784
Agreeableness		Manifest	5.00	10.00	8.393	1.324	−0.898	−0.407
Conscientiousness		Manifest	3.00	10.00	7.924	1.646	−0.406	−0.460
Emotional stability		Manifest	3.00	10.00	8.322	1.562	0.444	−0.881
Openness to experience		Manifest	3.00	10.00	7.370	1.472	−0.391	−0.135
Note(s): N 211. CB-SEM/CFA model fit statistics: X² 562.242***; df 432; CFI 0.961; RMSEA 0.038 (Pclose 0.992). ManLevel (1st level manager = 1; 2nd level manager = 0). Personnel (personnel and budget responsibility = 1; only budget responsibility = 0). Headmaster (being headmaster = 1; other = 0). Edu (business, policy, and law degree = 1; other degrees = 0). CR is composite reliability. AVE is average variance extracted Source(s): Authors' own creation/work

Panel A: Lower-order constructs (PLS-model)
	Loading	CR/AVE	Min	Max	Mean/frequency	Std.dev	Kurtosis	Skewness
Repair		0.903/0.824	1	7	4.157	1.358	0.002	−0.710
Item 1	0.930
Item 2	0.885
Flexibility (reverse coded)		Manifest/one-item	1	7	5.034	1.907	−0.732	−0.607
Internal transparency		0.899/0.692	1	7	4.289	1.451	0.005	−0.654
Item 1	0.833
Item 2	0.894
Item 3	0.888
Item 4	0.697
Global transparency		0.850/0.656	1	7	3.406	1.332	0.288	−0.565
Item 1	0.882
Item 2	0.683
Item 3	0.850
ManTrust		0.882/0.653	1	7	4.531	1.265	−0.372	−0.228
Item 1	0.697
Item 2	0.842
Item 3	0.826
Item 4	0.857
Fairness		0.925/0.860	1.67	7	4.761	1.180	−0.131	−0.307
Item 1	0.923
Item 2	0.932
Meaning		0.907/0.765	4	7	6.475	0.657	−1.216	1.224
Item 1	0.785
Item 2	0.919
Item 3	0.913
Impact		0.935/0.826	1.33	7	5.563	1.235	−1.033	0.973
Item 1	0.910
Item 2	0.884
Item 3	0.932
Competence		0.892/0.735	3.33	7	6.187	0.730	−1.058	1.578
Item 1	0.793
Item 2	0.805
Item 3	0.963
Self-determination		0.947/0.855	1.33	7	5.735	1.142	−0.943	0.720
Item 1	0.920
Item 2	0.933
Item 3	0.922
Red tape		Manifest	1	10	6.500	2.250	−0.320	−0.805
Control variables
ManLevel		Manifest	0 (level 2)	1 (level 1)	1 = 90%
Personnel		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 75.4%
Headmaster		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 23.2%
Tenure		Manifest	1	35	7.570	6.861	1.417	1.672
Sex (male)		Manifest	1 (female)	2 (male)	2 = 34%
Edu (business, policy, law)		Manifest	0 (no)	1 (yes)	1 = 10.9%
Extraversion		Manifest	4.00	10.00	8.564	1.417	−0.170	−0.784
Agreeableness		Manifest	5.00	10.00	8.393	1.324	−0.898	−0.407
Conscientiousness		Manifest	3.00	10.00	7.924	1.646	−0.406	−0.460
Emotional stability		Manifest	3.00	10.00	8.322	1.562	0.444	−0.881
Openness to experience		Manifest	3.00	10.00	7.370	1.472	−0.391	−0.135
Note(s): N 211. CB-SEM/CFA model fit statistics: X² 562.242***; df 432; CFI 0.961; RMSEA 0.038 (Pclose 0.992). ManLevel (1st level manager = 1; 2nd level manager = 0). Personnel (personnel and budget responsibility = 1; only budget responsibility = 0). Headmaster (being headmaster = 1; other = 0). Edu (business, policy, and law degree = 1; other degrees = 0). CR is composite reliability. AVE is average variance extractedSource(s): Authors' own creation/work

Panel B: Higher-order constructs (PLS-model)
	Enabling perceptions (Weight/Path)	SafeClimate (Loading)	Empower (Loading)
Repair	0.339
Internal transparency	0.304
Global transparency	0.495
Flexibility	0.311
ManTrust		0.824
Fairness		0.837
Meaning			0.648
Impact			0.800
Competence			0.677
Self. determination			0.850
R²	0.280	-	-
High. VIF	2.140	-	-
CR	-	0.816	0.834
AVE	-	0.689	0.560

Panel B: Higher-order constructs (PLS-model)
	Enabling perceptions (Weight/Path)	SafeClimate (Loading)	Empower (Loading)
Repair	0.339
Internal transparency	0.304
Global transparency	0.495
Flexibility	0.311
ManTrust		0.824
Fairness		0.837
Meaning			0.648
Impact			0.800
Competence			0.677
Self. determination			0.850
R²	0.280	-	-
High. VIF	2.140	-	-
CR	-	0.816	0.834
AVE	-	0.689	0.560

Note(s): N 211. Enabling perceptions is a formative construct and SafeClimate and Empower are reflective constructs. All weights/paths on Enabling perceptions are significant (p < 0.01). CR is composite reliability. AVE is average variance extracted

Source(s): Authors' own creation/work

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