Contextual variables to compare Lima and Bogota changes in street vending policy across city’s stages
| ISI | Structural adjustment | Free market city | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From 1970s to mid-1980s | From mid-1980s to end of 1990s | From 2000 to 2010 | ||||
| Lima | Bogota | Lima | Bogota | Lima | Bogota | |
| Institutional alignment relevant to informal economy framework | ||||||
| International | Dualist | Dualist | Dualist/Legalist | Dualist/Legalist | Dualist/structuralist/Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist/Legalist/voluntarist |
| National | Dualist | Dualist | Legalist | Dualist | Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist |
| Local | Dualist | Dualist | Legalist | Legalist | Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist |
| Urban Policy Regime | Socialist | Socialist | Neoliberal | Neoliberal | Neoliberal | Socialist |
| Urban context | Favorable | Favorable | Less favorable | Less favorable | Unfavorable | Unfavorable |
| Municipalities’ enforcement capacity of street trade policy | ||||||
| Regulatory intent | Organize | Organize | Relocate/Evict | Relocate/Evict | Formalize | Upgrade |
| Resources for control/policy implementation | Low | Moderate | High | High | High | High |
| State integration | High | High | High | High | High | Moderate |
| Street trade policy components | ||||||
| Spatial regulation | Zoning/taxing | Zoning/Licensing | Restricted | Restricted | Restricted zoning and licensing | Restricted zoning and licensing |
| Social integration initiatives | Scarcely implemented | Scarcely implemented | Suspended | Suspended | Conditional | Conditional |
| Political Participation | Encouraged | Encouraged | Suspended | Suspended | Conditional | Conditional |
| Street vendors’ organizational response | Unionization | Unionization | Fragmentation | Fragmentation | Fragmentation | Fragmentation |
| Street trade policy outcomes | ||||||
| Trends in the number of street vendors | Increase | Increase | Decrease | Decrease | Maintain | Decrease |
| ISI | Structural adjustment | Free market city | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From 1970s to mid-1980s | From mid-1980s to end of 1990s | From 2000 to 2010 | ||||
| Lima | Bogota | Lima | Bogota | Lima | Bogota | |
| International | Dualist | Dualist | Dualist/Legalist | Dualist/Legalist | Dualist/structuralist/Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist/Legalist/voluntarist |
| National | Dualist | Dualist | Legalist | Dualist | Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist |
| Local | Dualist | Dualist | Legalist | Legalist | Legalist/voluntarist | Dualist/structuralist |
| Socialist | Socialist | Neoliberal | Neoliberal | Neoliberal | Socialist | |
| Favorable | Favorable | Less favorable | Less favorable | Unfavorable | Unfavorable | |
| Regulatory intent | Organize | Organize | Relocate/Evict | Relocate/Evict | Formalize | Upgrade |
| Resources for control/policy implementation | Low | Moderate | High | High | High | High |
| State integration | High | High | High | High | High | Moderate |
| Spatial regulation | Zoning/taxing | Zoning/Licensing | Restricted | Restricted | Restricted zoning and licensing | Restricted zoning and licensing |
| Social integration initiatives | Scarcely implemented | Scarcely implemented | Suspended | Suspended | Conditional | Conditional |
| Political Participation | Encouraged | Encouraged | Suspended | Suspended | Conditional | Conditional |
| Unionization | Unionization | Fragmentation | Fragmentation | Fragmentation | Fragmentation | |
| Trends in the number of street vendors | Increase | Increase | Decrease | Decrease | Maintain | Decrease |