Analytical framework of non-financial reporting formats in public sector
| A | Public sector focus | No | % | B | Country of research | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Central government | 3 | 3 | B1 | Europe/UK | 44 | 48 |
| A2 | State/Regional | 4 | 4 | B2 | Oceania | 15 | 16 |
| A3 | Local government | 27 | 30 | B3 | North America | 7 | 8 |
| A4 | State-owned enterprises | 13 | 14 | B4 | South America | 1 | 1 |
| A5 | Healthcare institutions | 3 | 3 | B5 | Africa | 4 | 4 |
| A6 | Educational institutions | 27 | 30 | B6 | Asia | 5 | 5 |
| A7 | Others | 5 | 5 | B7 | Worldwide | 11 | 12 |
| A8 | General | 9 | 10 | B8 | None | 2 | 2 |
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | B9 | Mixed | 2 | 2 | |
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| A | Public sector focus | No | % | B | Country of research | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | Central government | 3 | 3 | B1 | Europe/UK | 44 | 48 |
| A2 | State/Regional | 4 | 4 | B2 | Oceania | 15 | 16 |
| A3 | Local government | 27 | 30 | B3 | North America | 7 | 8 |
| A4 | State-owned enterprises | 13 | 14 | B4 | South America | 1 | 1 |
| A5 | Healthcare institutions | 3 | 3 | B5 | Africa | 4 | 4 |
| A6 | Educational institutions | 27 | 30 | B6 | Asia | 5 | 5 |
| A7 | Others | 5 | 5 | B7 | Worldwide | 11 | 12 |
| A8 | General | 9 | 10 | B8 | None | 2 | 2 |
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | B9 | Mixed | 2 | 2 | |
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| C | Focus on type of reports | No | % | D | Focus of literature | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Sustainability report | 51 | 56 | D1 | External reporting | 57 | 63 |
| C2 | Popular report | 3 | 3 | D2 | Auditing and assurance | 0 | 0 |
| C3 | Integrated report | 7 | 8 | D3 | Accountability and governance | 24 | 26 |
| C4 | Webpage/Social media | 9 | 10 | D4 | Management control/Strategy | 7 | 8 |
| C5 | Mixed reports | 10 | 11 | D5 | Other | 3 | 3 |
| C6 | Other | 11 | 12 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| C | Focus on type of reports | No | % | D | Focus of literature | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Sustainability report | 51 | 56 | D1 | External reporting | 57 | 63 |
| C2 | Popular report | 3 | 3 | D2 | Auditing and assurance | 0 | 0 |
| C3 | Integrated report | 7 | 8 | D3 | Accountability and governance | 24 | 26 |
| C4 | Webpage/Social media | 9 | 10 | D4 | Management control/Strategy | 7 | 8 |
| C5 | Mixed reports | 10 | 11 | D5 | Other | 3 | 3 |
| C6 | Other | 11 | 12 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| E | Research methods | No | % | F | Reporting frameworks and models | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | Case/Field study/Interviews | 25 | 27 | F1 | No model proposed | 32 | 35 |
| E2 | Content analysis/Historical analysis | 40 | 44 | F2 | Apply or consider previous framw/mdl | 44 | 48 |
| E3 | Survey/Questionnaire/Other empirical | 16 | 18 | F3 | Propose a new model | 15 | 17 |
| E4 | Commentary/Normative/Policy | 9 | 10 | ||||
| E5 | Literature review | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| E | Research methods | No | % | F | Reporting frameworks and models | No | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | Case/Field study/Interviews | 25 | 27 | F1 | No model proposed | 32 | 35 |
| E2 | Content analysis/Historical analysis | 40 | 44 | F2 | Apply or consider previous framw/mdl | 44 | 48 |
| E3 | Survey/Questionnaire/Other empirical | 16 | 18 | F3 | Propose a new model | 15 | 17 |
| E4 | Commentary/Normative/Policy | 9 | 10 | ||||
| E5 | Literature review | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 | Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| G | Academics and practitioners | No | % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | Academics | 82 | 90 | ||||
| G2 | Practitioners | 0 | 0 | ||||
| G3 | Academics and practitioners | 9 | 10 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
| G | Academics and practitioners | No | % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | Academics | 82 | 90 | ||||
| G2 | Practitioners | 0 | 0 | ||||
| G3 | Academics and practitioners | 9 | 10 | ||||
| Totals | 91 | 100.0 |
Source(s): Categories adapted from Guthrie et al. (2012), Dumay et al. (2015; 2016) and Bisogno et al. (2018), and compiled by the authors