Type of relocated production
| Only | Both off- and backshoring | Only | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of production | offshoring | Offshoring | Backshoring | backshoring |
| Production complexity | 3.10b | 3.10a | 3.76a,b,c | 3.31c |
| Product standardisation | 3.38 | 3.11 | 3.11 | 3.18 |
| Production volume | 3.10 | 2.92 | 3.16 | 3.11 |
| Labour intensity | 3.55b,d | 3.41c | 3.21d | 3.00b,c |
| Only | Both off- and backshoring | Only | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of production | offshoring | Offshoring | Backshoring | backshoring |
| Production complexity | 3.10b | 3.10a | ||
| Product standardisation | 3.38 | 3.11 | 3.11 | 3.18 |
| Production volume | 3.10 | 2.92 | 3.16 | 3.11 |
| Labour intensity | 3.21d | 3.00b,c | ||
Notes: aDifference is significant at the 0.001 level; bdifference is significant at the 0.01 level; c,ddifference is significant at the 0.05 level. Mean values and level of significant differences between groups by pairwise comparisons between columns for each item; column maximum in italic
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