Key customer drivers and barriers identified in the literature
| Factors | Key studies | Key points |
|---|---|---|
| Drivers | ||
| Sociodemographic | Becker et al. (2017a), Burlando et al. (2019), Cartenì et al. (2016), De Luca and Di Pace (2015), Guglielmetti Mugion et al. (2019), Hjorteset and Böcker (2020), Prieto et al. (2017), Shaheen and Martin (2010), Tran et al. (2019), Tyndall (2017) | Higher demand among single-person households, especially males in their 20s and 30s and city center residents Customers are predominantly young, male, middle class, more highly educated and from a household of below-average size |
| Geographic | Csonka and Csiszar (2016), Diana and Ceccato (2019), Jian et al. (2016), Juschten et al. (2019), Kent et al. (2017), Kim et al. (2017b), Münzel et al. (2020), Zhou and Kockelman (2011) | Customers who opt for carsharing are encouraged by car availability, reliability and parking conditions |
| Socioeconomic | Boldrini et al. (2019), Hjorteset and Böcker (2020), Clewlow (2016), Coll et al. (2014), Chun et al. (2019), Münzel et al. (2020) | Higher education levels, moderate upper income levels |
| Population density | Becker et al. (2017b), Cohen et al. (2008), Coll et al. (2014), de Lorimier and El-Geneidy (2013) | Carsharing scales with population density and social activity in a given area |
| Environmental benefits | Kim et al. (2017a), Münzel et al. (2020), Julsrud and Farstad (2020) | Environmental benefits are important but are not the sole driver of carsharing service use |
| High service quality | Fleury et al. (2017) | Customers, especially B2B, are attracted by high-quality services such as fleet management, tutorials and ability to access help |
| Barriers | ||
| Limited availability | Shaheen et al. (1998), Kim et al. (2017a), Kim et al. (2019), de Lorimier and El-Geneidy (2013) | Likelihood of using carsharing services is reduced by increased waiting time for a shared car |
| Low public awareness | Burlando et al. (2019), Duncan (2011), Zhang and Li (2020), Zhou et al. (2017) | Customers that have not previously used carsharing or similar services such as car renting are less likely to join a carsharing scheme |
| Burdens of sharing | Valor (2020) | Customers and car owners in P2P carsharing experience burdens related to sharing, especially insecurity and uncertainty regarding contractual conditions |
| Factors | Key studies | Key points |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | Higher demand among single-person households, especially males in their 20s and 30s and city center residents | |
| Geographic | Customers who opt for carsharing are encouraged by car availability, reliability and parking conditions | |
| Socioeconomic | Higher education levels, moderate upper income levels | |
| Population density | Carsharing scales with population density and social activity in a given area | |
| Environmental benefits | Environmental benefits are important but are not the sole driver of carsharing service use | |
| High service quality | Customers, especially B2B, are attracted by high-quality services such as fleet management, tutorials and ability to access help | |
| Limited availability | Likelihood of using carsharing services is reduced by increased waiting time for a shared car | |
| Low public awareness | Customers that have not previously used carsharing or similar services such as car renting are less likely to join a carsharing scheme | |
| Burdens of sharing | Customers and car owners in P2P carsharing experience burdens related to sharing, especially insecurity and uncertainty regarding contractual conditions | |