| Research area 1: critical factors for the growth of carsharing |
| (1) What conditions are necessary for the growth of B2C carsharing? | (1) To identify possible solutions for B2C carsharing growth and to understand how these can be implemented |
| (2) What critical mass is required for the success of different types of carsharing service? | (2) To gain further insights into maximum car utilization |
| (3) How can insights from specific business models be harnessed to promote growth of other models and synergies between multiple models? | (3) To identify solutions that are accessible to a diverse range of customers |
| (4) How can service providers harness new technologies and usage data to drive innovation? | (4) To secure the competences needed to manage digital transformation and the “softwareization” of the industry |
| Research area 2: customer characteristics and requirements |
| (1) How can customer and service provider goals be better aligned to devise balanced solutions for carsharing growth? | (1) To acquire knowledge relevant to the alignment of service provider and customer requirements |
| (2) What payment schemes are carsharing customers willing to accept? | (2) To promote interest in and acceptance of carsharing across diverse customer segments and markets |
| (3) What lessons can be learned from developing economies to promote the growth of carsharing? | (3) To identify alternative and unconventional solutions to existing carsharing challenges |
| Research area 3: addressing the imbalance between demand and supply |
| (1) How can a balance be struck between fleet size and costs? | (1) To better understand the trade-offs in balancing costs and profits |
| (2) How can research on user-based relocation models help to solve the problem of vehicle balancing in one-way carsharing? | (2) To advance knowledge of user-based models and to validate their ability to solve vehicle balancing problems |
| (3) What are the unresolved challenges for existing vehicle relocation models? | (3) To enhance understanding and advance research on vehicle balancing strategies |
| Research area 4: understanding the effects of carsharing on car shedding |
| (1) Under what conditions will carsharing encourage car shedding? | (1) To position carsharing schemes more effectively in contrast to car ownership |
| (2) What are the impacts of various carsharing modes on car ownership? | (2) To develop an understanding of service outcomes that can guide resource allocation |
| (3) How can advances in digital technology help to facilitate more seamless mobility experiences? | (3) To acquire and leverage customer data to align customer preferences and policy goals |