The ontology/epistemology of information
| Ontology/epistemology | Ontology | Epistemology | Epistemology |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic categories | Information | Signification | Inference |
| Thirdness | Symbol | Cognition | Induction |
| Secondness | Index | Non-ego | Deduction |
| Firstness | Icon | Ego | Retroduction |
| Ontology/epistemology | Ontology | Epistemology | Epistemology |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic categories | Information | Signification | Inference |
| Thirdness | Symbol | Cognition | Induction |
| Secondness | Index | Non-ego | Deduction |
| Firstness | Icon | Ego | Retroduction |
Notes: Let us call the two last rows, signification and inference, the cognitive categories. Information is non-ego and does not belong to the cognitive categories but it is a condition for the cognitive categories, and the categories stand in a continuous relation to each other. The first row consists of the general categories – nature’s own categories – which function at all levels both ontologically and epistemologically
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