Table 2

Conceptual delineations of definitions of thought leadership from the academic and practitioner literature

Abridged definitionKey themesScale of analysisInputProcessOutcome
Informed opinion leaders and the go-to people in their field. Trusted sources who move and inspire people with innovative ideas and turn ideas into reality (Brousseau, 2013)Opinion leaders
Trusted source
Influence
Actionable
IndividualTrusted source
Opinion leaders
 Influence
Actionable
Recognised experts in their field. The go-to people to get results (Levy, 2014)Expertise
Results
IndividualExpertise Results
People who exert significant influence on the decision of others (Rogers and Cartano, 1962)Influence
Decisions
Individual  Influence
Decisions
Pioneer new ideas rather then follow conventional wisdom. Influence their areas of expertise and generate revenue and value for themselves and their organisations (Tech Target, 2018)Influence
Expertise
Originality
Revenue
Individual/organisationalExpertise Influence
Revenue
Originality
Four content and character attributes: new ideas, advancing ideas to provoke new mindsets, an ability to lead and the capacity to continually enlighten audiences (Barry and Gironda, 2019)Future insights
Original ideas
Trusted authority
Gaining attention
Individual/organisationalNew ideas
Trusted authority
LeadingActionable strategies
Business solutions
Creation of ideas that lead to advantages for businesses (Young, 2013)Creation of ideas
Dissemination
Providing value
OrganisationalCreation of ideasDisseminationProviding value
Positioning an organisation as a leader through producing excellent content (Bailyn, 2019)Excellent content
Brand awareness positioning
Organisational  Brand awareness positioning
Excellent content
Entry point into a relationship that gives people greater confidence in the organisation (Rasmus, 2012)Relationship
Confidence
Organisational  Confidence
Relationship
Client-centric and research-based campaign or content with an original approach or theme (Gulland Padfield, 2019)Client-centred
Research-led
Originality
OrganisationalResearch-led
Client-centred
 Originality
A strategy for growth. Organisations sharing with clients what they are known for (Llopis, 2014)Relationship
Sharing knowledge
Reputation-building
Growth
Organisational Sharing knowledgeGrowth
Relationship
Reputation-building
Strategic approach to communication; helping organisations to position and differentiate; and enhance relationships with key stakeholders (Pearce, 2013)Strategic communication
Differentiation
Stakeholder relationships
Organisational Strategic communicationDifferentiation
Stakeholder relationships
Increasing visibility of specialised expertise, building brand strength or generating new business. Insightful analysis targeted at key audiences (Frederiksen and Tyreman, 2018)Insightful analysis
Visibility
Expertise
Brand building
Key audiences
OrganisationalInsightful analysis
Expertise
Key audiencesVisibility
Brand building
Recognised as an authority in selected areas of specialisation (Prince and Rogers, 2009)Authority
Specialisation
Organisational  Authority
Specialisation
Outward expression of market leadership (McKeon, 2009)Market leadershipOrganisational  Market leadership
Expert content that identifies new trends and is supported by research. It challenges the thinking of the target audience and drives marketing outcomes (Crestodina, 2020)Expert
Research based
Challenging
Marketing outcomes
OrganisationalResearch-based
Expertise
 Marketing outcomes
Challenging
Ideas that educate customers about prospects and educate them to solve those without selling (Leavitt et al., 2016)Introducing new prospects
Stakeholders
Education
Industry EducationIntroducing new prospects
Stakeholders
Championing new ideas rather than managing people or helping a group achieve a goal (McCrimmon, 2005)New ideas
Goal achievement
Industry  Goal achievement
New ideas
Building a relationship with prospects based on knowledge (Koch, 2009)Relationship
Knowledge
IndustryKnowledge Relationship
Content that answers the biggest questions on the minds of the target audience (Brenner, 2019)Big questions
Answers
IndustryBig questions Answers
Eminence achieved by producing and delivering superior expertise that solves significant problems (Buday, 2011)Eminence
Expertise
Problem solving
IndustryExpertise Eminence
Problem-solving
Advance marketplace of ideas by positing actionable, commercially relevant, research-backed viewpoints (Alexander and Badings, 2012)Advance ideas
Research-led
Actionable
Commercial
IndustryResearch-led Commercial actionable
Advance ideas

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