Table I Business model building blocks... | Emerald Publishing

Table I

Business model building blocks and exemplary changes through Industry 4.0

Building block	Total ratio (%)	Exemplary changes through Industry 4.0
Key resources	58.14	New or altered production equipment New personnel, especially with IT competencies Retraining of existing personnel
Value proposition	53.49	New, data-driven products or services More flexible and individual production New product features, e.g., predictive maintenance, self-optimization or energy savings “Retrofitting” of existing production equipment
Key partners	48.84	New partners with IT or data expertise Especially SMEs will require partners in areas such as data expertise
Customer relationships	48.84	More long-term oriented partnerships Intensified partnerships between customer and supplier
Customer segments	41.86	New customer segments can be addressed through new data-based value propositions New competitors address existing customers
Revenue streams	41.86	New payment models, e.g., pay-per-use Automation of revenue streams
Cost structure	37.21	Large investments necessary Cost savings through increased productivity
Key activities	23.26	New activities that build upon data analysis Data analysis enables, e.g., optimization
Channels	18.61	Digital channels for efficient communication Automation of communication through machine-to machine communication

Building block	Total ratio (%)	Exemplary changes through Industry 4.0
Key resources	58.14	New or altered production equipmentNew personnel, especially with IT competenciesRetraining of existing personnel
Value proposition	53.49	New, data-driven products or servicesMore flexible and individual productionNew product features, e.g., predictive maintenance, self-optimization or energy savings“Retrofitting” of existing production equipment
Key partners	48.84	New partners with IT or data expertiseEspecially SMEs will require partners in areas such as data expertise
Customer relationships	48.84	More long-term oriented partnershipsIntensified partnerships between customer and supplier
Customer segments	41.86	New customer segments can be addressed through new data-based value propositionsNew competitors address existing customers
Revenue streams	41.86	New payment models, e.g., pay-per-useAutomation of revenue streams
Cost structure	37.21	Large investments necessaryCost savings through increased productivity
Key activities	23.26	New activities that build upon data analysisData analysis enables, e.g., optimization
Channels	18.61	Digital channels for efficient communicationAutomation of communication through machine-to machine communication