Analysis of the supply chain flows, based on literature review
| Author | Material flow (inbound) | Finished products/goods flow (outbound) | Services flow | Information flow | Knowledge flow | Financial resources flow (money/profit) | Return flows of goods/services | Outputs defined in the different supply chain management models |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stevens (1989) | X | X | X | X | Products, customer service | |||
| Cooper et al. (1997) | X | X | X | Products, services and information that add value for customers | ||||
| Lambert et al. (1998) | X | X | X | |||||
| Graham and Hardaker (2000) | X | X | X | X | X | X | Virtual value creation, profit margin | |
| Mentzer et al. (2001) | X | X | X | X | X | Customer satisfaction, value, profitability, competitive advantage | ||
| Croxton et al. (2001) | X | X | X | |||||
| Duclos et al. (2003) | X | X | X | X | X | Customized products, services, flexibility | ||
| Chen and Paulraj (2004) | X | X | X | X | Supplier performance, buyer performance, products that satisfy and/or exceed customer expectations | |||
| Martínez Sánchez and Pérez Pérez (2005) | X | X | X | X | X | X | Supply chain flexibility | |
| Lambert and Schwieterman (2012) | X | X | X | |||||
| Lambert (2014) | X | X | X | Value chain | ||||
| Zhang et al. (2015) | X | X | Customer satisfaction, value-added products, information feedback, knowledge accumulation, and financial revenues | |||||
| MacCarthy et al. (2016) | X | X | X | X | X | High-value customized products combined with services | ||
| Stevens and Johnson (2016) | X | X | X | X | Products and services, SC Configuration, SC Performance | |||
| Oettmeier and Hofmann (2016) | X | X | X | X | X | X | 3D objects, customized parts/products | |
| Hofmann and Rüsch (2017) | X | X | X | Physical SC with logistics activities. Value of digital integration, customer value: value of digital servitization, value of availability. Value-added business services, digital services, physical services, individualized products, smart contracts | ||||
| Ardito, Petruzzelli, Panniello and Garavelli (2018) and Ardito, Scuotto, Del Giudice and Messeni (2018) | X | X | X | X | X | Raw data from industrial Internet of Things, cybersecurity protection, cloud services | ||
| Büyüközkan and Göçer (2018) | X | X | X | X | Digital products and services |
| Author | Material flow (inbound) | Finished products/goods flow (outbound) | Services flow | Information flow | Knowledge flow | Financial resources flow (money/profit) | Return flows of goods/services | Outputs defined in the different supply chain management models |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | X | X | X | Products, customer service | ||||
| X | X | X | Products, services and information that add value for customers | |||||
| X | X | X | ||||||
| X | X | X | X | X | X | Virtual value creation, profit margin | ||
| X | X | X | X | X | Customer satisfaction, value, profitability, competitive advantage | |||
| X | X | X | ||||||
| X | X | X | X | X | Customized products, services, flexibility | |||
| X | X | X | X | Supplier performance, buyer performance, products that satisfy and/or exceed customer expectations | ||||
| X | X | X | X | X | X | Supply chain flexibility | ||
| X | X | X | ||||||
| X | X | X | Value chain | |||||
| X | X | Customer satisfaction, value-added products, information feedback, knowledge accumulation, and financial revenues | ||||||
| X | X | X | X | X | High-value customized products combined with services | |||
| X | X | X | X | Products and services, SC Configuration, SC Performance | ||||
| X | X | X | X | X | X | 3D objects, customized parts/products | ||
| X | X | X | Physical SC with logistics activities. Value of digital integration, customer value: value of digital servitization, value of availability. Value-added business services, digital services, physical services, individualized products, smart contracts | |||||
| X | X | X | X | X | Raw data from industrial Internet of Things, cybersecurity protection, cloud services | |||
| X | X | X | X | Digital products and services |
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