Table I Social innovation in service... | Emerald Publishing

Table I

Social innovation in service research

Authors	Research aim	Type of paper	Definition/operationalization	Main contribution
Rubalcaba (2016)	To develop a framework for understanding the relationship between social, service, and systems innovation	Conceptual	Defines social innovation as “the outcome of three elements: social goals prevalence (vs just business goals), social means for complex systemic co-productions (vs nonsystemic) and service and non-technological innovation outcomes (vs mainly goods-oriented outcomes)”	A three dimensional model of social innovation as the outcome of three elements
Toivonen (2018)	To develop a research agenda for the examination of social and service innovation	Conceptual	Building on Rubalcaba’s (2016) conceptualization, Toivonen emphasizes the social means of innovation	Highlights the need for research exploring the nature of social innovation and development of governing structures and innovation policies
Gallouj et al. (2018)	To develop a framework to elucidate the relationship between social and service innovation	Conceptual	Defines social innovation as “new service solutions to societal challenges aiming to increase welfare by value co-creation and co-implementation through co-production among multiple empowered actors” (s. 553)	A taxonomy based on the interaction of type of innovation and locus of co-production
Djellal and Gallouj (2012)	To establish a dialogue between the fields of social and service innovation	Conceptual	Conceptualizes social innovation by emphasizing its social dimension as compared to manufacturing; describes the characteristics of social innovation	Identifies similarities in theoretical development between social and service innovation that contrasts with traditional manufacturing innovation research
Windrum et al. (2016)	To develop a framework that links social and service innovation research	Conceptual, with empirical illustration	Conceptualizes social innovation with an emphasis on social aspects of outcome and process, positioning it closer to service innovation	A multi-agent model of social innovation, synthesizing key concepts of the social and service innovation literatures
Harrison et al. (2010)	To capture one facet of social innovation in the service sector	Empirical case study	Defines social innovation as “Initiatives taken by social actors to respond to a need while being supported by public recognition” (s. 197)	Description of social innovation’s impact at different levels

Authors	Research aim	Type of paper	Definition/operationalization	Main contribution
Rubalcaba (2016)	To develop a framework for understanding the relationship between social, service, and systems innovation	Conceptual	Defines social innovation as “the outcome of three elements: social goals prevalence (vs just business goals), social means for complex systemic co-productions (vs nonsystemic) and service and non-technological innovation outcomes (vs mainly goods-oriented outcomes)”	A three dimensional model of social innovation as the outcome of three elements
Toivonen (2018)	To develop a research agenda for the examination of social and service innovation	Conceptual	Building on Rubalcaba’s (2016) conceptualization, Toivonen emphasizes the social means of innovation	Highlights the need for research exploring the nature of social innovation and development of governing structures and innovation policies
Gallouj et al. (2018)	To develop a framework to elucidate the relationship between social and service innovation	Conceptual	Defines social innovation as “new service solutions to societal challenges aiming to increase welfare by value co-creation and co-implementation through co-production among multiple empowered actors” (s. 553)	A taxonomy based on the interaction of type of innovation and locus of co-production
Djellal and Gallouj (2012)	To establish a dialogue between the fields of social and service innovation	Conceptual	Conceptualizes social innovation by emphasizing its social dimension as compared to manufacturing; describes the characteristics of social innovation	Identifies similarities in theoretical development between social and service innovation that contrasts with traditional manufacturing innovation research
Windrum et al. (2016)	To develop a framework that links social and service innovation research	Conceptual, with empirical illustration	Conceptualizes social innovation with an emphasis on social aspects of outcome and process, positioning it closer to service innovation	A multi-agent model of social innovation, synthesizing key concepts of the social and service innovation literatures
Harrison et al. (2010)	To capture one facet of social innovation in the service sector	Empirical case study	Defines social innovation as “Initiatives taken by social actors to respond to a need while being supported by public recognition” (s. 197)	Description of social innovation’s impact at different levels