Nonresponse bias
| Demographic | Pearson’s χ2 results | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Age | χ2 = 60.24, p < 0.05 | Significant |
| Gender | χ2 = 4.44, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Education | χ2 = 0.52, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Dependent variables | t-test results | Significance |
| Self-presence | t(248) = 1.15, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Self-explorative engagement | t(248) = 0.45, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Brand cognitive processing | t(248) = 0.03, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Brand attitude | t(248) = 0.28, p > 0.05 | Not significant |
| Demographic | Pearson’s χ2 results | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Significant | |
| Gender | Not significant | |
| Education | Not significant | |
| Dependent variables | Significance | |
| Self-presence | Not significant | |
| Self-explorative engagement | Not significant | |
| Brand cognitive processing | Not significant | |
| Brand attitude | Not significant |
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