Table 1.

A typology of ethical issues in an interview

Type of ethical issuesSpecific examples
Informed consent
  • Not explaining the purpose of the research to interviewee

  • Not confirming interviewee to agree to participate

Anonymity
  • Failure to delete details such as names, staff ID number, race, date of birth, religion, and office position

Confidentiality and Privacy
  • Forgetting to agree with interviewee to keep the responses they give from third party

  • Failure to store the information in folder encrypted

  • Allowing supervisor to see the raw data (response)

Cultural sensitivity
  • Failure to allow interviewee to skip some questions that are very sensitive to their beliefs

  • Wearing forbidden dress to meet an interviewee based on their background

Deception
  • Pretending to be someone else when dealing with interviewee

    No letting identity be known during data collection

Coercion/inducement
  • Giving money to interviewee to be interviewed

  • Forcing interviewee to be interviewed

  • Not allowing interviewee to cancel participation at any time

Power dynamics
  • Not respect interviewees during the interview

  • Not allowing for clarifications from the interviewee

  • Not treating the interviewee as yourself

  • Declining the interviewee’s wish to listening to the recorded response

Preventing harm 
Source: Authors’ own work

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