Table 1 Sample characteristics...

Table 1

Sample characteristics

Demographic characteristics	Frequency	Percentage
Gender
1. Male	215	56.7
2. Female	164	43.3
Age
1. Less than 25 years	93	24.5
2. 25–34 years	164	43.3
3. 34–44 years	75	19.8
4. >45 years	47	12.4
Education level
1. With a bachelor level or upper	263	69.4
2. Other	116	30.6
Number of years in an organization
1. <3 years	99	26.1
2. 3–5 years	160	42.2
3. 6–10 years	72	19.0
4. More than ten years	48	12.7
Average income/ month
1. Under US$ 500	67	17.7
2. US$500–750	186	49.0
3. US$750–1,000	73	19.3
4. Over 1,000 USD	53	14.0
Management level
1. Middle-level manager	133	35.1
2. Operational employee	246	64.9
Firm types
1. Manufacturing firms	63	47.7
2. Service firms	69	52.3
Firm age at internationalization
1. Under three years	27	20.5
2. More than three years	105	79.5
Sample size calculator for PLS-SEM
1. Anticipated effect size	0.30
2. Desired statistical power level	0.95
3. Number of latent variables	10
4. Number of observed variables	35
5. Probability level	0.05
6. Minimum sample size to detect the effect	270
7. Minimum sample size for model structure	138
8. Recommended minimum sample size	270
Actual sample size in the study	379

Demographic characteristics	Frequency	Percentage
Gender
1. Male	215	56.7
2. Female	164	43.3
Age
1. Less than 25 years	93	24.5
2. 25–34 years	164	43.3
3. 34–44 years	75	19.8
4. >45 years	47	12.4
Education level
1. With a bachelor level or upper	263	69.4
2. Other	116	30.6
Number of years in an organization
1. <3 years	99	26.1
2. 3–5 years	160	42.2
3. 6–10 years	72	19.0
4. More than ten years	48	12.7
Average income/ month
1. Under US$ 500	67	17.7
2. US$500–750	186	49.0
3. US$750–1,000	73	19.3
4. Over 1,000 USD	53	14.0
Management level
1. Middle-level manager	133	35.1
2. Operational employee	246	64.9
Firm types
1. Manufacturing firms	63	47.7
2. Service firms	69	52.3
Firm age at internationalization
1. Under three years	27	20.5
2. More than three years	105	79.5
Sample size calculator for PLS-SEM
1. Anticipated effect size	0.30
2. Desired statistical power level	0.95
3. Number of latent variables	10
4. Number of observed variables	35
5. Probability level	0.05
6. Minimum sample size to detect the effect	270
7. Minimum sample size for model structure	138
8. Recommended minimum sample size	270
Actual sample size in the study	379

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