Table II

Mean differences for pre- and post-TLAS administration (control: n=12; TLA: n=11)

ItemGroupMean differenceSD
Aggregate of All TLS itemsControl−0.130.39
 TLA0.070.34
Involvement with teacher organizationsControl−0.250.62
 TLA0.180.98
Design school policyControl0.001.28
 TLA0.001.00
School-level decisionsControl−0.420.67
 TLA0.090.94
Plan school improvementControl−0.420.79
 TLA−0.090.70
Redesign instruction from assessmentControl0.171.03
 TLA0.180.40
Share ideas with colleaguesControl0.080.51
 TLA0.000.00
Mentor new teachersControl−0.500.90
 TLA−0.090.94
Help make personnel decisionsControl0.081.31
 TLA0.000.77
Create partnerships with the communityControl0.000.95
 TLA0.271.10
Select types of professional developmentControl−0.081.16
 TLA0.360.92
Lead professional developmentControl−0.170.94
 TLA0.000.89
Influence school budgetControl0.000.60
 TLA−0.090.54
Collaborate with peersControl−0.080.29
 TLA0.090.30
Lead or chair committeesControl−0.251.29
 TLA0.360.67
Reflect on own teachingControl−0.080.29
 TLA0.000.00
Initiate school activitiesControl−0.171.11
 TLA−0.090.94
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