Soil and wall properties
| Soil type | Backfill | Wall | Base |
|---|---|---|---|
| Void ratio | 0.45 | — | — |
| Mass density: kg/m3 | 2000 | 2400 | 2400 |
| Friction angle: ° | 37.5 | — | — |
| Dilation angle: ° | 5 | — | — |
| Shear modulus: MPa | 2.20 × 109 | 2.00 × 109 | |
| Cohesion: MPa | 0 | — | — |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.29 |
| Model | Non-linear hysteretic + Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion + viscous damping | Linear elastic | |
| Soil type | Backfill | Wall | Base |
|---|---|---|---|
| Void ratio | 0.45 | — | — |
| Mass density: kg/m3 | 2000 | 2400 | 2400 |
| Friction angle: ° | 37.5 | — | — |
| Dilation angle: ° | 5 | — | — |
| Shear modulus: MPa | 2.20 × 109 | 2.00 × 109 | |
| Cohesion: MPa | 0 | — | — |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.29 |
| Model | Non-linear hysteretic + Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion + viscous damping | Linear elastic | |
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