Narrow variation in vane su(LL) reported for inorganic fine-grained soils
| su(LL): kPa | wL(cup): % | Number of samples, n | Remark | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0·7–1·75 | 30–97 | 4 | BSI cup. Interpolated from reported IL–su data | Skempton and Northey (1952) |
| 2–3 | — | ASTM cup. Suggested mean su(LL) = 2·65 kPa | Casagrande (1958) | |
| 0·8–1·6 | 41–72 | 5 | BSI cup | Norman (1958) |
| 1·1–2·3 | 41–72 | 5 | ASTM cup: su(LL) values 25–50% greater compared to those by BSI cup | Norman (1958) |
| 2·5 | ASTM cup | Seed et al. (1964) | ||
| 1·3–2·4 | 32–190 | 26 | ASTM cup. Inverse bi-logarithmic su(LL)–wL(cup) correlation. Mean su(LL) = 1·7 kPa | Youssef et al. (1965) |
| 1–3 | 17–382 | Softer-base cup device | Škopek and Ter-Stepanian (1975) | |
| 0·7–2·65 | — | From synthesis of various published data sets, 1·7 kPa adopted as best estimate for su(LL) | Wroth and Wood (1978) | |
| 1·6 | — | Deduced mean su(LL) value for BSI cup | Whyte (1982) | |
| 1·7 | — | Deduced mean su(LL) value for ASTM cup | Whyte (1982) | |
| 0·66–1·35 | 29·8–100·8 | Viscometer used for strength determinations | Sridharan and Prakash (1998) | |
| ∼2 | ASTM cup | ASTM D 4318-00 (ASTM, 2000) | ||
| ∼1·7–2·0 | — | Attributed to same average adsorbed water-layer thickness on all particle surfaces at LL | Mitchell (2005) | |
| 1·2–2·6 | 32·6–324 | 16 | Softer-base cup (ISI, 1985). One stray data point with su(LL) = 16 kPa. Excluding the stray point gives mean su(LL) = 1·7 kPa | Das et al. (2013) |
| 0·9–3·9 | General trend of su(LL) reducing in value with increasing water content | Haigh (2016) |
| Number of samples, | Remark | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0·7–1·75 | 30–97 | 4 | BSI cup. Interpolated from reported | |
| 2–3 | — | ASTM cup. Suggested mean | ||
| 0·8–1·6 | 41–72 | 5 | BSI cup | |
| 1·1–2·3 | 41–72 | 5 | ASTM cup: | |
| 2·5 | ASTM cup | |||
| 1·3–2·4 | 32–190 | 26 | ASTM cup. Inverse bi-logarithmic | |
| 1–3 | 17–382 | Softer-base cup device | ||
| 0·7–2·65 | — | From synthesis of various published data sets, 1·7 kPa adopted as best estimate for | ||
| 1·6 | — | Deduced mean | ||
| 1·7 | — | Deduced mean | ||
| 0·66–1·35 | 29·8–100·8 | Viscometer used for strength determinations | ||
| ∼2 | ASTM cup | ASTM D 4318-00 ( | ||
| ∼1·7–2·0 | — | Attributed to same average adsorbed water-layer thickness on all particle surfaces at LL | ||
| 1·2–2·6 | 32·6–324 | 16 | Softer-base cup ( | |
| 0·9–3·9 | General trend of |
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