Table 5

Operational definition of the variables combined to measure the ESC index

VariablesQuestionsItemsMeasure
Exposure to
Pro-environmental Content
How often do you find out about the following issues through social networks?Climate change
Consumption of natural resources
Waste recycle
Reuse of raw materials
Treatment of animals
Pollution
Alternative transports
Gas emissions
five-point scale
(from Never to Everyday)
Exposure to
Pro-social Content
How often do you find out about the following issues through social networks?Equality
Fight against racism
Fight against (cyber)bullying
Gender identity
Freedom of expression
Freedom of worship
Freedom of political thought
Social solidarity
five-point scale
(from Never to Everyday)
Source: Authors’ own elaboration

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