Table II.

Studies on leadership and quality

AuthorsMain results
Waldman (1994) Leadership needed for an effective quality management program is transformational leadership
Pheng and May (1997) Leadership style plays an important role in quality management. The ideal manager must meet the following characteristics: have a high position, good interpersonal relationships, understand the operations of the company, etc.
Eskildsen and Dahlgaard (2000) Leadership affects people, strategy and partnerships and resources
Podsakoff et al. (2000) Transformational leadership increases employee satisfaction and the organizational environment
Lebracher et al. (2002) Top management commitment and initiative, under the transformational leadership of the CEO, is essential to build and maintain a continuous improvement program
Soltani et al. (2004) Leadership encourages employee participation in quality improvement in companies applying the EFQM model
Yeung et al. (2005) The person responsible for managing quality in the company must be on the first hierarchical line, as well as exercise leadership within his/her team
Fisher et al. (2005) Leadership is essential to establish a continuous improvement program or quality management, along with cooperative learning and process management
Osseo-Asare et al. (2005) Leadership is one of the success factors in quality and performance improvement as long as it is included in the company’s policy and strategy. Effective leadership clearly involves communicating the mission, the vision and fundamental values
Calvo-Mora et al. (2005) Leadership has a positive influence on people management
Davies (2008) Leadership has a clear effect on the effectiveness of model application, on promoting the use of various levels of the model and its use in strategic planning and performance
Hai Chin and An Lin (2009) There is a strong and positive relationship between leadership style, quality management and organizational commitment
Castro et al. (2009) Leadership is shown as one of the important variables of the EFQM model and has a decisive influence on enablers of the EFQM model
Laohavichien et al. (2011) Transformational leadership makes it easier for employees to exceed the minimum levels required by the organization. Therefore, a transformational leader is likely to influence the company’s quality results by implementing quality practices
Álvarez-García et al. (2012) Leadership influences customer results, people results, society results and business results
Kara et al. (2013) Transformational leadership has positive effects in the hospitality sector. This means that managers must be trained to use a transformational leadership style to improve employee well-being
Mendoza et al. (2014) Transformational leadership develops the potential in followers and improves the team’s values and motivation. This type of leadership motivates followers to work together, change their goals and beliefs and look beyond their personal interests to achieve organizational interests
Doeleman et al. (2014) Leadership is a driver of quality improvement and is needed for an effective EFQM model implementation
Yosia (2015) Transformational leadership has positive effects on performance. The interpersonal skills of leaders and sincerity impact on quality management
Álvarez-García et al. (2016) Leadership impacts on partnerships and resources, strategy, employees and learning
Source: Portela (2016) 

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