Table 1 Scale adaptation variables used... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Scale adaptation variables used in the constructs

Construct	Items	Scale adaptation
1. Effectiveness of Instructor	Enthusiasm of instructor Instructor's style of presentation holds interest of students Instructor actively interacts Students are invited to ask questions and receive answers Students are invited to participate in class discussion Instructor encourages use of e-learning	Soong et al. (2001), Volery and Lord (2000)
2. Student's Competency with Computers	Enjoyment in the use of computer/tablet/phone Regular use of computer/tablet/phone Ease in use of computer/tablet/phone Prior experience in use of computer/tablet/phone Not intimidated by the use of technology for education	Soong et al. (2001)
3. Student's Collaboration Interests	Participation in group discussions Participation includes reading messages on discussion groups Participation includes reading as well as contributing to discussion groups Instructor initiates discussion Students initiate discussions	Soong et al. (2001)
4. Effectiveness of Design and Content of Courses	Learning material is sufficient and relevant E-learning platform is easy to use E-learning platform is easy to navigate Course material is current and up to date User interface is well designed	Soong et al. (2001)
5. Accessibility of Essential Resources	Easy access to Internet No bandwidth problems when browsing Satisfactory browsing speed Ease of interaction with fellow students Ease of contacting instructor Easy-to-use e-learning website	Volery and Lord (2000)
6. Infrastructure Dependability	Computer/tablet/phone works fine and supports most of the required applications No access issues with email id, browser, etc. Stable and secure Internet connection Efficient IT infrastructure	Volery and Lord (2000)
7. Provider Support Received	Easy access to resources provided by platform/provider/institute Ease of receiving technical support Provider support for e-learning system is good Sufficient material provided for associated exam Sufficient material provided for learning purpose Appropriate duration of the course	Selim (2007)
8. What Do You Feel About E-Learning	E-learning is successful E-learning is an effective method of learning Likeness towards the idea of using e-learning Online education considered constructive and as a helpful learning experience Awareness of e-learning platforms pre-COVID Improved perception towards e-learning due to COVID Intention to continue e-learning post-COVID	Selim (2007), Nehari and Bender (1978)

Construct	Items	Scale adaptation
1. Effectiveness of Instructor	Enthusiasm of instructor Instructor's style of presentation holds interest of students Instructor actively interacts Students are invited to ask questions and receive answers Students are invited to participate in class discussion Instructor encourages use of e-learning	Soong et al. (2001), Volery and Lord (2000)
2. Student's Competency with Computers	Enjoyment in the use of computer/tablet/phone Regular use of computer/tablet/phone Ease in use of computer/tablet/phone Prior experience in use of computer/tablet/phone Not intimidated by the use of technology for education	Soong et al. (2001)
3. Student's Collaboration Interests	Participation in group discussions Participation includes reading messages on discussion groups Participation includes reading as well as contributing to discussion groups Instructor initiates discussion Students initiate discussions	Soong et al. (2001)
4. Effectiveness of Design and Content of Courses	Learning material is sufficient and relevant E-learning platform is easy to use E-learning platform is easy to navigate Course material is current and up to date User interface is well designed	Soong et al. (2001)
5. Accessibility of Essential Resources	Easy access to Internet No bandwidth problems when browsing Satisfactory browsing speed Ease of interaction with fellow students Ease of contacting instructor Easy-to-use e-learning website	Volery and Lord (2000)
6. Infrastructure Dependability	Computer/tablet/phone works fine and supports most of the required applications No access issues with email id, browser, etc. Stable and secure Internet connection Efficient IT infrastructure	Volery and Lord (2000)
7. Provider Support Received	Easy access to resources provided by platform/provider/institute Ease of receiving technical support Provider support for e-learning system is good Sufficient material provided for associated exam Sufficient material provided for learning purpose Appropriate duration of the course	Selim (2007)
8. What Do You Feel About E-Learning	E-learning is successful E-learning is an effective method of learning Likeness towards the idea of using e-learning Online education considered constructive and as a helpful learning experience Awareness of e-learning platforms pre-COVID Improved perception towards e-learning due to COVID Intention to continue e-learning post-COVID	Selim (2007), Nehari and Bender (1978)