Table I

Selected cross-country studies in the field information and communication technologies indicators, start-up hubs and firms of the digital economy

StudyImportant variablesContribution and limitation
Compass (2015) Performance, funding, market reach, talent start-up experienceDetailed overview on size, importance and trajectory of start-up hubs. Only restricted on hubs and not representative
SparkLabs Global Ventures (2016) Deal count and investment size by continentOverview on size and importance of start-up hubs. Only restricted on hubs and not representative
Dutta et al. (2015) Network readiness index composed of ICT access variablesA comprehensive collection of indicators on ICT use, diffusion and costs for the majority of countries worldwide. Little insight on top players
International Telecommunication Union (2014) ICT development index (IDI), consisting of many ICT indicatorsA comprehensive collection of indicators on ICT use, diffusion and costs for the majority of countries worldwide. Little insight on top players
Desruelle and Stanc̬ík (2014) Value added, BERD, BERD intensity and labor productivityReliable insight from a great diversity of data sources on the investigated variables. No insight on top players and geographic distribution in selected countries
OECD (2014) Numerous ICT variablesA comprehensive collection of indicators on ICT use, diffusion and costs for OECD countries, no identification of significant players of strategic importance
OECD (2013a) Value added across sectors, information sector revenuesDetailed revenue information in the information sector. No insight regarding top players and geographic distribution in selected countries
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft and Energie (2015) Infrastructure, ICT-revenues, utilization, market, global competitivenessCompact ranking of countries. Only information about status quo, not on evolution over time
Katz and Koutroumpis (2013) Composed index of ICT access and cost variablesAn empirical investigation on the link between digitization and social welfare. No variables on firm size or investments
Curwen et al. (2015) Number of telecommunication, media and technology (TMT) firms within the Financial Times 500 listInsight into most important telecommunications, media and technology players in Europe; however, the development of number over time has significant limitations
Simon (2016a) Market capitalizationQualitative insight into “unicorns”; however, no representative sample selection

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