Table 4. Test results of regulation...

Table 4.

Test results of regulation effect in technological leapfrogging stage

Variables	Dependent variable: firm innovation performance
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Step1: control
Firm size	0.290^***	0.152^***	0.088^**
Firm age	0.010	0.009	0.003
Industry	0.283	0.126	0.110
Constant	2.694^***	0.544	2.996^***
Step2: main effects
Following stage (FS)		−0.097	−2.476^***
Synchronization stage (SS)		−0.239	−3.328^***
Leading stage (LS)		0.401^*	0.319
Capability evolution (CE)		0.460^***	0.996^***
Capability substitution (CS)		0.271^***	−0.769^***
Step3: moderated effects
CE^*FS			−0.233^*
CE^*SS			−0.855^***
CE^*LS			−1.345^***
CS^*FS			0.795^***
CS^*SS			1.609^***
CS^*LS			1.241^***
R²	0.125	0.515	0.750
ΔR²	0.125	0.390	0.235
ΔF	13.583^***	45.145^***	43.109^***

Variables	Dependent variable: firm innovation performance
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Step1: control
Firm size	0.290^***	0.152^***	0.088^**
Firm age	0.010	0.009	0.003
Industry	0.283	0.126	0.110
Constant	2.694^***	0.544	2.996^***
Step2: main effects
Following stage (FS)		−0.097	−2.476^***
Synchronization stage (SS)		−0.239	−3.328^***
Leading stage (LS)		0.401^*	0.319
Capability evolution (CE)		0.460^***	0.996^***
Capability substitution (CS)		0.271^***	−0.769^***
Step3: moderated effects
CE^*FS			−0.233^*
CE^*SS			−0.855^***
CE^*LS			−1.345^***
CS^*FS			0.795^***
CS^*SS			1.609^***
CS^*LS			1.241^***
R²	0.125	0.515	0.750
ΔR²	0.125	0.390	0.235
ΔF	13.583^***	45.145^***	43.109^***

Notes:

p < 0.05;

p < 0.01;

***

p < 0.001