Table 6. Results of the moderating... | Emerald Publishing

Table 6.

Results of the moderating effects of technological leapfrogging stages (boundary-spanning search as a dependent variable)

Paths and effects: boundary-spanning search as the dependent variable	Initial stage (reference group)	Following stage	Synchronization stage	Leading stage	Differences
	Initial stage (reference group)	Following stage	Synchronization stage	Leading stage	1	2	3
Stage I:
Boundary-spanning search → capability evolution	0.581^***	0.234^*	0.327^***	0.094^*	−0.347^*	−0.254^***	−0.487^*
Boundary-spanning search → capability substitution	0.296^***	0.265^***	0.424^***	0.571^***	−0.031^***	0.128^***	0.279^***
Stage II:
Capability evolution → firm innovation performance	0.880^***	0.759^***	0.141^**	−0.324^**	−0.121^***	−0.739^**	−1.204^**
Capability substitution → firm innovation performance	−0.725^*	0.010^*	0.864^***	0.512^***	0.735^*	1.589	1.237^*
Indirect effects 1: capability evolution as a mediator	0.511^***	0.178^*	0.046^**	−0.030^*	−0.334^*	−0.465^**	−0.542^*
Indirect effects 2: capability substitution as a mediator	−0.215^***	0.003^*	0.366^***	0.294^**	0.509^*	0.581^*	0.509^*
Total effects	0.297^***	0.180^*	0.412^**	0.264^*	−0.116^*	0.116^*	−0.033^*

Paths and effects: boundary-spanning search as the dependent variable	Initial stage (reference group)	Following stage	Synchronization stage	Leading stage	Differences
	Initial stage (reference group)	Following stage	Synchronization stage	Leading stage	1	2	3
Stage I:
Boundary-spanning search → capability evolution	0.581^***	0.234^*	0.327^***	0.094^*	−0.347^*	−0.254^***	−0.487^*
Boundary-spanning search → capability substitution	0.296^***	0.265^***	0.424^***	0.571^***	−0.031^***	0.128^***	0.279^***
Stage II:
Capability evolution → firm innovation performance	0.880^***	0.759^***	0.141^**	−0.324^**	−0.121^***	−0.739^**	−1.204^**
Capability substitution → firm innovation performance	−0.725^*	0.010^*	0.864^***	0.512^***	0.735^*	1.589	1.237^*
Indirect effects 1: capability evolution as a mediator	0.511^***	0.178^*	0.046^**	−0.030^*	−0.334^*	−0.465^**	−0.542^*
Indirect effects 2: capability substitution as a mediator	−0.215^***	0.003^*	0.366^***	0.294^**	0.509^*	0.581^*	0.509^*
Total effects	0.297^***	0.180^*	0.412^**	0.264^*	−0.116^*	0.116^*	−0.033^*

Notes:

*

p < 0.05;

**

p < 0.01;

***

p < 0.00