Factors associated with quality of life
| Characteristics | Quality of life | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good n (%) | Moderate n (%) | Poor n (%) | |||
| Gender | χ2 = 1.06 | 0.58 | |||
| Male | 39 (38.2) | 18 (39.1) | 19 (47.5) | ||
| Female | 63 (61.8) | 28 (60.9) | 21 (52.5) | ||
| Occupation | χ2 = 4.57 | 0.12 | |||
| Retired/out of work | 67 (65.7) | 22 (47.8) | 26 (65.0) | ||
| Employment | 35 (34.3) | 24 (52.2) | 14 (35.0) | ||
| Marital status | χ2 = 2.36 | 0.29 | |||
| Single | 28 (27.5) | 17 (37) | 9 (22.5) | ||
| Couple | 74 (72.5) | 29 (63) | 31 (77.5) | ||
| Education | χ2 = 11.95 | 0.06 | |||
| Primary school or lower | 34 (33.3) | 19 (41.3) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Secondary education | 27 (26.5) | 8 (17.4) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Diploma | 12 (11.8) | 3 (6.5) | 2 (5.0) | ||
| Bachelor’s or higher degree | 29 (28.4) | 16 (34.8) | 22 (55.0) | ||
| Income (per month/THB) | χ2 = 3.17 | 0.79 | |||
| <5,000 | 33 (32.4) | 12 (26.1) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| 5,000–15,000 | 22 (21.6) | 11 (23.9) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| 15,001–30,000 | 27 (26.5) | 13 (28.3) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| >30,000 | 20 (19.5) | 10 (21.7) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| Age (years) | rs = −0.11 | 0.12 | |||
| ≤60 | 33 (32.4) | 16 (34.8) | 18 (45.0) | ||
| >60 | 69 (67.6) | 30 (65.1) | 22 (55.0) | ||
| Characteristics | Quality of life | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Moderate | Poor | |||
| 0.58 | |||||
| Male | 39 (38.2) | 18 (39.1) | 19 (47.5) | ||
| Female | 63 (61.8) | 28 (60.9) | 21 (52.5) | ||
| 0.12 | |||||
| Retired/out of work | 67 (65.7) | 22 (47.8) | 26 (65.0) | ||
| Employment | 35 (34.3) | 24 (52.2) | 14 (35.0) | ||
| 0.29 | |||||
| Single | 28 (27.5) | 17 (37) | 9 (22.5) | ||
| Couple | 74 (72.5) | 29 (63) | 31 (77.5) | ||
| 0.06 | |||||
| Primary school or lower | 34 (33.3) | 19 (41.3) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Secondary education | 27 (26.5) | 8 (17.4) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Diploma | 12 (11.8) | 3 (6.5) | 2 (5.0) | ||
| Bachelor’s or higher degree | 29 (28.4) | 16 (34.8) | 22 (55.0) | ||
| 0.79 | |||||
| <5,000 | 33 (32.4) | 12 (26.1) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| 5,000–15,000 | 22 (21.6) | 11 (23.9) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| 15,001–30,000 | 27 (26.5) | 13 (28.3) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| >30,000 | 20 (19.5) | 10 (21.7) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| 0.12 | |||||
| ≤60 | 33 (32.4) | 16 (34.8) | 18 (45.0) | ||
| >60 | 69 (67.6) | 30 (65.1) | 22 (55.0) | ||
| Health factors | Quality of life | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good n (%) | Moderate n (%) | Poor n (%) | |||
| No complications | 73 (71.6) | 36 (76.1) | 24 (60.0) | χ2 = 2.84 | 0.24 |
| With complications | 28 (28.4) | 11 (23.9) | 16 (40.0) | ||
| Underlying diseases (U/D) | χ2 = 1.1 | 0.99 | |||
| No U/D | 12 (11.8) | 5 (10.9) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| 1 Disease | 26 (25.5) | 13 (28.3) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| 2 Diseases | 34 (33.3) | 13 (28.3) | 11 (27.5) | ||
| 3 Diseases | 18 (17.6) | 9 (19.6) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| More than 3 diseases | 12 (11.8) | 6 (13.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| No cerebrovascular | 101 (99.0) | 41 (89.2) | 38 (95) | Fisher = 7.2 | 0.01* |
| With cerebrovascular | 1 (1.0) | 5 (10.8) | 2 (5) | ||
| BMI (kg. /m2) | rs = 0.06 | 0.37 | |||
| Underweight | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (10.0) | ||
| Normal | 20 (19.6) | 11 (23.9) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Overweight | 22 (21.6) | 10 (21.7) | 7 (17.5) | ||
| Obesity | 57 (55.9) | 24 (52.2) | 21 (52.5) | ||
| HbA1c | rs = 0.06 | 0.41 | |||
| HbA1c < 7% | 53 (64.6) | 27 (67.5) | 21 (61.8) | ||
| HbA1c ≥ 7 % | 29 (35.4) | 13 (32.5) | 13 (38.2) | ||
| Duration of illness (years) | rs = 0.004 | 0.95 | |||
| 1–5 | 24 (23.5) | 13 (28.3) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| 6–10 | 33 (32.4) | 12 (26.1) | 13 (32.5) | ||
| 11–20 | 35 (34.3) | 15 (32.6) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| >20 | 10 (9.8) | 6 (13.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| DCSI scores | rs = −0.06 | 0.39 | |||
| DCSI score = 0 | 72 (70.6) | 35 (76.1) | 26 (65.0) | ||
| DCSI score = 1 | 13 (12.7) | 6 (13.0) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| DCSI score = 2 | 9 (8.8) | 4 (8.7) | 1 (2.5) | ||
| DCSI score = 3 | 6 (5.9) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (5.0) | ||
| DCSI score > 3 | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| Health factors | Quality of life | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Moderate | Poor | |||
| No complications | 73 (71.6) | 36 (76.1) | 24 (60.0) | 0.24 | |
| With complications | 28 (28.4) | 11 (23.9) | 16 (40.0) | ||
| 0.99 | |||||
| No U/D | 12 (11.8) | 5 (10.9) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| 1 Disease | 26 (25.5) | 13 (28.3) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| 2 Diseases | 34 (33.3) | 13 (28.3) | 11 (27.5) | ||
| 3 Diseases | 18 (17.6) | 9 (19.6) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| More than 3 diseases | 12 (11.8) | 6 (13.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| No cerebrovascular | 101 (99.0) | 41 (89.2) | 38 (95) | Fisher = 7.2 | 0.01* |
| With cerebrovascular | 1 (1.0) | 5 (10.8) | 2 (5) | ||
| 0.37 | |||||
| Underweight | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (10.0) | ||
| Normal | 20 (19.6) | 11 (23.9) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Overweight | 22 (21.6) | 10 (21.7) | 7 (17.5) | ||
| Obesity | 57 (55.9) | 24 (52.2) | 21 (52.5) | ||
| 0.41 | |||||
| HbA1c < 7% | 53 (64.6) | 27 (67.5) | 21 (61.8) | ||
| HbA1c ≥ 7 % | 29 (35.4) | 13 (32.5) | 13 (38.2) | ||
| 0.95 | |||||
| 1–5 | 24 (23.5) | 13 (28.3) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| 6–10 | 33 (32.4) | 12 (26.1) | 13 (32.5) | ||
| 11–20 | 35 (34.3) | 15 (32.6) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| >20 | 10 (9.8) | 6 (13.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| 0.39 | |||||
| DCSI score = 0 | 72 (70.6) | 35 (76.1) | 26 (65.0) | ||
| DCSI score = 1 | 13 (12.7) | 6 (13.0) | 6 (15.0) | ||
| DCSI score = 2 | 9 (8.8) | 4 (8.7) | 1 (2.5) | ||
| DCSI score = 3 | 6 (5.9) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (5.0) | ||
| DCSI score > 3 | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
Note(s): Abbreviations: BMI = Body Mass Index; HbA1c = Hemoglobin A1c; DCSI = Diabetes Complications Severity Index