Table 3.

Principals' quality management practices at the school level.

FactorFactor LoadingPrincipals' Management Practices on Parental SupportMeanSD
4.737Principals frequently call parents to discuss how to improve students' achievement1.851.153
.715Principals often call parents to discuss students' disciplinary problems2.010.792
.765Principals encourage parents to support the school in the form of labor2.521.229
.767Principals initiate parents to support the school in the form of contributing cash3.041.158
Grand Mean2.35 
FactorFactor L.Principals' Management Practices on Students' Achievement (Outputs)MeanSD
5.719Principals usually evaluate students' achievements2.400.875
.759Principals discuss the drawbacks of cheating on the exam with the school community2.260.975
.727Principals usually discuss with the school community how to improve teaching2.340.879
.751Principals strictly follow examination provision2.100.959
.732Principals prohibit students not to bringing their phones during the examination2.551.029
Grand Mean2.33 
FactorFactor L.Principals' Management Practices on Staff DevelopmentMeanSD
6.726Principals conduct need assessment before offering training2.401.097
.745Principals offer training to teachers2.260.957
.732School-level teacher training is based on students' achievements2.641.111
.718Principals encourage teachers to participate in training2.681.154
Grand Mean2.49 
FactorFactor L.Principals' Management Practices on the Provision of IncentivesMeanSD
9.867Principals acknowledge those students who are working better3.141.268
.804Principals acknowledge those students who displayed good behavior in the community gatherings3.131.273
.765Principals acknowledge teachers with good performances in staff meetings2.811.236
Grand Mean3.03 
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