Training (yes/no) and firm outcomes
| Firm outcomes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Output value per worker | Value added per worker | Gross profit per worker | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Independent variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
| Training | 0.174*** (0.049) | 0.152** (0.052) | 0.128** (0.053) | 0.118** (0.049) | 0.103* (0.047) | 0.095* (0.048) | 0.139* (0.073) | 0.112 (0.064) | 0.081 (0.061) |
| Firm size | −0.375*** (0.034) | −0.374*** (0.026) | −0.380*** (0.028) | −0.287*** (0.025) | −0.274*** (0.019) | −0.278*** (0.021) | −0.478*** (0.034) | −0.482*** (0.027) | −0.485*** (0.030) |
| Household enterprise | −0.074 (0.224) | −0.082 (0.224) | −0.057 (0.221) | −0.238* (0.119) | −0.222* (0.119) | −0.231* (0.116) | −0.131 (0.125) | −0.147 (0.132) | −0.189 (0.143) |
| Private/sole proprietorship | 0.105 (0.204) | 0.102 (0.205) | 0.117 (0.200) | −0.012 (0.111) | 0.004 (0.115) | 0.006 (0.110) | 0.058 (0.142) | 0.048 (0.143) | 0.054 (0.147) |
| Limited liability company | 0.149 (0.196) | 0.167 (0.195) | 0.187 (0.188) | −0.045 (0.112) | −0.026 (0.111) | −0.022 (0.099) | −0.001 (0.121) | 0.019 (0.113) | 0.007 (0.100) |
| Joint stock company | 0.118 (0.244) | 0.120 (0.241) | 0.170 (0.223) | −0.018 (0.136) | −0.022 (0.148) | 0.001 (0.148) | −0.180 (0.206) | −0.176 (0.219) | −0.159 (0.210) |
| Informal | −0.035 (0.033) | −0.035 (0.039) | −0.049 (0.049) | −0.004 (0.033) | 0.004 (0.033) | −0.007 (0.029) | −0.004 (0.031) | −0.006 (0.036) | −0.019 (0.032) |
| Export | 0.432*** (0.101) | 0.435*** (0.110) | 0.473*** (0.121) | 0.334* (0.162) | 0.324* (0.168) | 0.349* (0.179) | 0.407*** (0.116) | 0.414*** (0.122) | 0.443*** (0.116) |
| Inspection | 0.075** (0.024) | 0.139** (0.059) | 0.082* (0.039) | 0.013 (0.029) | 0.129*** (0.033) | 0.103*** (0.029) | 0.120** (0.038) | 0.173*** (0.045) | 0.134*** (0.038) |
| PCI | 0.028*** (0.008) | 0.020* (0.010) | 0.035*** (0.001) | 0.039*** (0.005) | 0.025*** (0.006) | 0.040*** (0.001) | 0.041*** (0.010) | 0.034*** (0.010) | 0.050*** (0.001) |
| Constant | 4.121*** (0.499) | 4.533*** (0.604) | 3.601*** (0.192) | 2.310*** (0.291) | 3.040*** (0.342) | 2.376*** (0.093) | 1.920*** (0.531) | 2.267*** (0.555) | 1.751*** (0.105) |
| R2 | 0.100 | 0.112 | 0.134 | 0.125 | 0.144 | 0.159 | 0.124 | 0.136 | 0.159 |
| Observations | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 |
| Province fixed effects | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Year fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Province by year fixed effects | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Firm outcomes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Output value per worker | Value added per worker | Gross profit per worker | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Independent variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
| Training | 0.174*** (0.049) | 0.152** (0.052) | 0.128** (0.053) | 0.118** (0.049) | 0.103* (0.047) | 0.095* (0.048) | 0.139* (0.073) | 0.112 (0.064) | 0.081 (0.061) |
| Firm size | −0.375*** (0.034) | −0.374*** (0.026) | −0.380*** (0.028) | −0.287*** (0.025) | −0.274*** (0.019) | −0.278*** (0.021) | −0.478*** (0.034) | −0.482*** (0.027) | −0.485*** (0.030) |
| Household enterprise | −0.074 (0.224) | −0.082 (0.224) | −0.057 (0.221) | −0.238* (0.119) | −0.222* (0.119) | −0.231* (0.116) | −0.131 (0.125) | −0.147 (0.132) | −0.189 (0.143) |
| Private/sole proprietorship | 0.105 (0.204) | 0.102 (0.205) | 0.117 (0.200) | −0.012 (0.111) | 0.004 (0.115) | 0.006 (0.110) | 0.058 (0.142) | 0.048 (0.143) | 0.054 (0.147) |
| Limited liability company | 0.149 (0.196) | 0.167 (0.195) | 0.187 (0.188) | −0.045 (0.112) | −0.026 (0.111) | −0.022 (0.099) | −0.001 (0.121) | 0.019 (0.113) | 0.007 (0.100) |
| Joint stock company | 0.118 (0.244) | 0.120 (0.241) | 0.170 (0.223) | −0.018 (0.136) | −0.022 (0.148) | 0.001 (0.148) | −0.180 (0.206) | −0.176 (0.219) | −0.159 (0.210) |
| Informal | −0.035 (0.033) | −0.035 (0.039) | −0.049 (0.049) | −0.004 (0.033) | 0.004 (0.033) | −0.007 (0.029) | −0.004 (0.031) | −0.006 (0.036) | −0.019 (0.032) |
| Export | 0.432*** (0.101) | 0.435*** (0.110) | 0.473*** (0.121) | 0.334* (0.162) | 0.324* (0.168) | 0.349* (0.179) | 0.407*** (0.116) | 0.414*** (0.122) | 0.443*** (0.116) |
| Inspection | 0.075** (0.024) | 0.139** (0.059) | 0.082* (0.039) | 0.013 (0.029) | 0.129*** (0.033) | 0.103*** (0.029) | 0.120** (0.038) | 0.173*** (0.045) | 0.134*** (0.038) |
| PCI | 0.028*** (0.008) | 0.020* (0.010) | 0.035*** (0.001) | 0.039*** (0.005) | 0.025*** (0.006) | 0.040*** (0.001) | 0.041*** (0.010) | 0.034*** (0.010) | 0.050*** (0.001) |
| Constant | 4.121*** (0.499) | 4.533*** (0.604) | 3.601*** (0.192) | 2.310*** (0.291) | 3.040*** (0.342) | 2.376*** (0.093) | 1.920*** (0.531) | 2.267*** (0.555) | 1.751*** (0.105) |
| 0.100 | 0.112 | 0.134 | 0.125 | 0.144 | 0.159 | 0.124 | 0.136 | 0.159 | |
| Observations | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 | 4,803 |
| Province fixed effects | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Year fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Province by year fixed effects | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Notes: Robust standard errors clustered on the provincial level are in parentheses. Partnership/collective/cooperative is omitted among firm’s ownership structure dummies. *,**,***Significant at 10, 5 and 1 percent levels, respectively
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