Table A1. The questionnaire Background...

Table A1.

The questionnaire

Background variables
18–23 years	24–29 years			Over 29 years
Gender
Female	Male		Prefer not to say
Which of the following devices do you use to conduct electronic financial transactions? (more than one choice can be made)
Mobile app	Computer (or laptop)	Smartwatch	Tablet	Other
Do you have experience in using financial robo-advisors (FRAs)?
No	Yes, less than 1 year		Yes, at least 1 year and less than 2 years
Yes, at least 2 years and less than 3 years	Yes, at least 3 years
How many investment transactions do you make during a year?
0	1–2	3–10	11–35	More than 36
Risk, information, initial trust and behavioural intention to use variables
Item	Operationalization	Concept	Source
FR1	I believe there would be problems with my financial transactions when using FRAs	Financial risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012)
FR2	I believe that using FRAs is financially risky
FR3	I believe that there is a potential risk of large loss by using FRAs
FR4	I believe that there is a potential risk of returns below my initial target when using FRAs
FR5	I believe that I may lose money because of using FRAs
PeR1	I am concerned that the FRAs will not provide the level of benefits I expect	Performance risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012), Chen (2013)
PeR2	The efficiency of FRAs differs from what I expect
PeR3	The performance of FRAs is inferior to that of human financial advisors
SPR1	I am worried that FRAs are not secure for making financial decisions	Security and privacy risk	Chen (2013), Tandon et al. (2018)
SPR2	My personal information (such as income) may be disclosed to others when using FRAs
SPR3	My private information may be subject to hacking issues when using FRAs
SoR1	I believe that using FRAs would not provide me with higher social status	Social risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012), Tandon et al. (2018)
SoR2	I believe that I would not be held in higher esteem by my associates at work if I used FRAs
SoR3	The thought of using FRAs causes me concern because some friends would think I was just showing off
SoR4	I believe that using FRAs may result in disapproval from my community
LPI1	I believe in being totally informed about the range of products and services offered by FRAs	Amount of public information	Kaabachi et al. (2019)
LPI2	I believe in being totally informed about the benefits of using FRAs
LPI3	I believe in being totally informed about using FRAs
LPI4	I believe in being totally informed about security and privacy issues when using FRAs
SMIS1	Social media helps me to find useful information about FRAs	Social media information-seeking	Lee and Ma (2012)
SMIS2	Social media helps me to find information about FRAs when I need it
SMIS3	Social media helps me to keep updated on the latest news and events about FRAs
IT1	I believe that FRAs provide safe services	Initial trust	Kaabachi et al. (2019)
IT2	I believe that FRAs provide detailed information about their terms and conditions
IT3	I believe that FRAs provide accurate services
IT4	I believe that FRAs are trustworthy
BIU1	I intend to use FRAs in the near future	Behavioural intention to use	Oliveira et al. (2016), Venkatesh et al. (2012)
BIU2	I plan to use FRAs in the near future
BIU3	I will try to use FRAs in the near future
	Decision style index
Item	Operationalization	Concept	Source
RDS1	I prefer to gather all the necessary information before committing to a decision	Rational items	Hamilton et al. (2016)
RDS2	I thoroughly evaluate decision alternatives before making a final choice
RDS3	In decision-making, I take time to contemplate the pros/cons or risks/benefits of a situation
RDS4	Investigating the facts is an important part of my decision-making process
RDS5	I weigh a number of different factors when making decisions
IDS1	When making decisions, I rely mainly on my gut feelings	Intuitive items
IDS2	My initial hunch about decisions is generally what I follow
IDS3	I make decisions based on intuition
IDS4	I rely on my first impressions when making decisions
IDS5	I weigh feelings more than analysis in making decisions

Background variables
18–23 years	24–29 years			Over 29 years
Gender
Female	Male		Prefer not to say
Which of the following devices do you use to conduct electronic financial transactions? (more than one choice can be made)
Mobile app	Computer (or laptop)	Smartwatch	Tablet	Other
Do you have experience in using financial robo-advisors (FRAs)?
No	Yes, less than 1 year		Yes, at least 1 year and less than 2 years
Yes, at least 2 years and less than 3 years	Yes, at least 3 years
How many investment transactions do you make during a year?
0	1–2	3–10	11–35	More than 36
Risk, information, initial trust and behavioural intention to use variables
Item	Operationalization	Concept	Source
FR1	I believe there would be problems with my financial transactions when using FRAs	Financial risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012)
FR2	I believe that using FRAs is financially risky
FR3	I believe that there is a potential risk of large loss by using FRAs
FR4	I believe that there is a potential risk of returns below my initial target when using FRAs
FR5	I believe that I may lose money because of using FRAs
PeR1	I am concerned that the FRAs will not provide the level of benefits I expect	Performance risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012), Chen (2013)
PeR2	The efficiency of FRAs differs from what I expect
PeR3	The performance of FRAs is inferior to that of human financial advisors
SPR1	I am worried that FRAs are not secure for making financial decisions	Security and privacy risk	Chen (2013), Tandon et al. (2018)
SPR2	My personal information (such as income) may be disclosed to others when using FRAs
SPR3	My private information may be subject to hacking issues when using FRAs
SoR1	I believe that using FRAs would not provide me with higher social status	Social risk	Akturan and Tezcan (2012), Tandon et al. (2018)
SoR2	I believe that I would not be held in higher esteem by my associates at work if I used FRAs
SoR3	The thought of using FRAs causes me concern because some friends would think I was just showing off
SoR4	I believe that using FRAs may result in disapproval from my community
LPI1	I believe in being totally informed about the range of products and services offered by FRAs	Amount of public information	Kaabachi et al. (2019)
LPI2	I believe in being totally informed about the benefits of using FRAs
LPI3	I believe in being totally informed about using FRAs
LPI4	I believe in being totally informed about security and privacy issues when using FRAs
SMIS1	Social media helps me to find useful information about FRAs	Social media information-seeking	Lee and Ma (2012)
SMIS2	Social media helps me to find information about FRAs when I need it
SMIS3	Social media helps me to keep updated on the latest news and events about FRAs
IT1	I believe that FRAs provide safe services	Initial trust	Kaabachi et al. (2019)
IT2	I believe that FRAs provide detailed information about their terms and conditions
IT3	I believe that FRAs provide accurate services
IT4	I believe that FRAs are trustworthy
BIU1	I intend to use FRAs in the near future	Behavioural intention to use	Oliveira et al. (2016), Venkatesh et al. (2012)
BIU2	I plan to use FRAs in the near future
BIU3	I will try to use FRAs in the near future
	Decision style index
Item	Operationalization	Concept	Source
RDS1	I prefer to gather all the necessary information before committing to a decision	Rational items	Hamilton et al. (2016)
RDS2	I thoroughly evaluate decision alternatives before making a final choice
RDS3	In decision-making, I take time to contemplate the pros/cons or risks/benefits of a situation
RDS4	Investigating the facts is an important part of my decision-making process
RDS5	I weigh a number of different factors when making decisions
IDS1	When making decisions, I rely mainly on my gut feelings	Intuitive items
IDS2	My initial hunch about decisions is generally what I follow
IDS3	I make decisions based on intuition
IDS4	I rely on my first impressions when making decisions
IDS5	I weigh feelings more than analysis in making decisions

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