Table 9

Direct, indirect and total effects between institutional branding, perceived benefits and student satisfaction

Predicted relationshipStandardised path loading (β)t-valuep-valueIndirect effectTotal effect
IB → SPB0.41011.016***–0.410
IB → SS0.47313.974***0.122**0.596
SPB → SS0.2988.807***–0.298

Note(s): IB = institutional branding; SPB = students' perceived benefits and SS = student satisfaction

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