Table 3

Measurement properties

Constructs/ItemsLFCRAVEt-valuesα
ACF 0.900.87 0.94
ACF10.95  26.12 
ACF20.97  37.17 
ACF30.89  38.13 
ACF40.94  30.11 
ACF50.95  35.14 
ACF60.90  27.29 
SEN 0.840.81 0.89
SEN10.89  38.17 
SEN20.82  29.11 
SEN30.92  22.25 
SEN40.95  27.19 
SEN50.86  24.79 
SEN60.96  39.11 
SEI 0.890.85 0.94
SEI10.94  29.92 
SEI20.96  22.91 
SEI30.87  26.02 
SEI40.90  27.19 
SEI50.89  31.17 
SEI60.95  28.39 
TRA 0.910.84 0.90
TRA10.92  24.26 
TRA20.89  27.29 
TRA30.96  28.13 
TRA40.87  27.36 
TRA50.90  25.09 
TRA60.91  26.17 
SFB 0.920.87 0.95
SFB10.95  25.12 
SFB20.90  24.16 
SFB30.92  29.09 
SFB40.95  32.16 

Note(s): ACF, Adoption of AI-CRM technology in a family business; AVE, average variance extracted; CR, composite reliability; LF, loading factor; SEI, Seizing capability; SEN, Sensing capability; SFB, Sustenance of family business firms in times of crisis; TRA, Transforming capability

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