Table 4 Directly affected public impact... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Directly affected public impact types

Level 1		Level 2		Examples in literature
Label	Description	Label	Description	Examples in literature
Accidents	Impact on the directly affected public due to being involved in an accident	Property damage	Economic impact of repairing property damaged due to a vehicle coming off the road	Kasnatscheew et al. (2016)
		Injury	Societal impact due to the injury
		Fatality	Societal impact due to fatalities
Comfort	Impact of travelling on the directly affected public	Physical	Societal impact of physical changes due to people travelling on the road, for example, due to vibrations	Gilchrist and Allouche (2005)
Comfort	Impact of travelling on the directly affected public	Psychological	Societal impact of having, for example, anxiety due to a perceived increase in the probability of being involved in an accident, due to others travelling	Gilchrist and Allouche (2005)
Noise	Societal impact due to the directly affected public coming in contract with sound emissions			Korzhenevych et al. (2014)
Particle emissions	Impact on people due to the environment being impacted by particle emissions	Carbon dioxide	Societal impact due to emissions (human health)	Korzhenevych et al. (2014)
Particle emissions		PM₁₀ Nitrogen monoxide Carbon monoxide Aldehydes Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur dioxide Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Dust	Same as for carbon dioxide	Jensen et al. (2004)

Level 1		Level 2		Examples in literature
Label	Description	Label	Description	Examples in literature
Accidents	Impact on the directly affected public due to being involved in an accident	Property damage	Economic impact of repairing property damaged due to a vehicle coming off the road	Kasnatscheew et al. (2016)
		Injury	Societal impact due to the injury
		Fatality	Societal impact due to fatalities
Comfort	Impact of travelling on the directly affected public	Physical	Societal impact of physical changes due to people travelling on the road, for example, due to vibrations	Gilchrist and Allouche (2005)
Comfort	Impact of travelling on the directly affected public	Psychological	Societal impact of having, for example, anxiety due to a perceived increase in the probability of being involved in an accident, due to others travelling	Gilchrist and Allouche (2005)
Noise	Societal impact due to the directly affected public coming in contract with sound emissions			Korzhenevych et al. (2014)
Particle emissions	Impact on people due to the environment being impacted by particle emissions	Carbon dioxide	Societal impact due to emissions (human health)	Korzhenevych et al. (2014)
Particle emissions		PM₁₀ Nitrogen monoxideCarbon monoxideAldehydesNitrogen dioxideSulfur dioxidePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsDust	Same as for carbon dioxide	Jensen et al. (2004)