Parameter estimates of the logistic regression models of household – level adaptation measures
| Explanatory variables | Adjustments of crops and varieties | Adjustments of planting calendar | Adjustments of planting techniques | Water management | Find off-farm jobs | No adaptation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | −0.789 (−0.57) | 1.170 (0.92) | −3.158** (−2.28) | −3.861** (−2.16) | −0.502 (−0.43) | 1.497 (0.94) |
| Male-headed household | −0.104 (−0.33) | −0.070 (−0.24) | −0.138 (−0.45) | 0.286 (0.70) | −0.110 (−0.40) | 0.383 (0.95) |
| Farm experience | 0.148*** (7.00) | −0.036** (−2.08) | 0.008 (0.48) | −0.002 (−0.10) | 0.026* (1.65) | −0.053** (−2.37) |
| Years of education by household head | −0.022 (−0.10) | −0.286 (−1.43) | −0.122 (−0.56) | 0.523** (2.02) | −0.090 (−0.49) | 0.085 (0.34) |
| Household size | −0.123 (0.73) | −0.058 (−0.36) | 0.067 (0.41) | 0.223 (1.02) | −0.020 (−0.14) | −0.232 (−1.13) |
| Land area | −0.254 (−0.54) | 1.079** (2.42) | 0.240 (0.53) | −0.479 (−0.76) | −1.474*** (−3.34) | −0.104 (−0.18) |
| Soil fertility | 0.074 (0.27) | −0.160 (−0.61) | 0.624** (2.22) | −0.429 (−1.15) | −0.078 (−0.32) | 0.019 (0.06) |
| Proportion of land with long-term use right | 0.214 (0.57) | 0.180 (0.51) | 0.147 (0.39) | 0.057 (0.11) | 0.030 (0.09) | −0.832** (−2.22) |
| Proportion of non-agriculture income in total income | 0.092** (2.00) | −0.128*** (−2.85) | 0.012 (0.27) | −0.035 (−0.59) | 0.107*** (2.60) | 0.008 (0.15) |
| Distance from plot(s) to house | −0.027 (−1.19) | −0.084*** (−3.62) | 0.035 (1.57) | −0.007 (−0.24) | 0.042** (2.07) | 0.013 (0.44) |
| Distance from plot(s) to local market | −0.020 (−1.03) | 0.018 (0.95) | 0.000 (0.04) | −0.030 (−1.12) | −0.039** (−2.18) | 0.038* (1.68) |
| Access to extension | −0.451 (−1.55) | −0.542** (−1.99) | 0.083 (0.29) | 0.687* (1.67) | −0.345 (−1.36) | 0.647* (1.76) |
| Access to credit | 0.045 (0.16) | −0.668 ** (−2.32) | 2.136*** (7.29) | 0.957*** (2.66) | −0.374 (−1.43) | −1.168*** (−2.94) |
| Farmers’ group membership | −0.481 (−1.54) | 0.201 (0.68) | 1.040*** (3.08) | −0.962** (−2.28) | −0.352 (−1.25) | −0.308 (−0.78) |
| Access information on weather forecasting | −0.117 (−0.36) | 1.504*** (4.22) | 0.098 (0.30) | −0.668* (−1.67) | 0.308 (1.07) | −1.606*** (−4.09) |
| Through drought | −0.416 (−0.99) | 0.057 (0.14) | −0.579** (−1.33) | 1.215* (1.78) | 0.518 (1.38) | −0.409 (−0.85) |
| Through untimely rains | −1.304*** (−3.12) | −0.238 (−0.61) | −0.160 (−0.40) | −0.037 (−0.07) | 0.635* (1.83) | 0.067 (0.15) |
| Through abnormal temperature | −1.893*** (−5.13) | 0.001 (0.00) | −0.206 (−0.61) | −0.758* (−1.68) | 0.077 (0.25) | 1.019** (2.50) |
| Through Landslide or flashflood | −0.764** (−2.33) | 0.064 (0.20) | −0.138 (−0.42) | −0.361 (−0.81) | 0.210 (0.72) | −0.270 (−0.70) |
| N | 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 |
| Explanatory variables | Adjustments of crops and varieties | Adjustments of planting calendar | Adjustments of planting techniques | Water management | Find off-farm jobs | No adaptation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | −0.789 (−0.57) | 1.170 (0.92) | −3.158 | −3.861 | −0.502 (−0.43) | 1.497 (0.94) |
| Male-headed household | −0.104 (−0.33) | −0.070 (−0.24) | −0.138 (−0.45) | 0.286 (0.70) | −0.110 (−0.40) | 0.383 (0.95) |
| Farm experience | 0.148 | −0.036 | 0.008 (0.48) | −0.002 (−0.10) | 0.026* (1.65) | −0.053 |
| Years of education by household head | −0.022 (−0.10) | −0.286 (−1.43) | −0.122 (−0.56) | 0.523 | −0.090 (−0.49) | 0.085 (0.34) |
| Household size | −0.123 (0.73) | −0.058 (−0.36) | 0.067 (0.41) | 0.223 (1.02) | −0.020 (−0.14) | −0.232 (−1.13) |
| Land area | −0.254 (−0.54) | 1.079 | 0.240 (0.53) | −0.479 (−0.76) | −1.474 | −0.104 (−0.18) |
| Soil fertility | 0.074 (0.27) | −0.160 (−0.61) | 0.624 | −0.429 (−1.15) | −0.078 (−0.32) | 0.019 (0.06) |
| Proportion of land with long-term use right | 0.214 (0.57) | 0.180 (0.51) | 0.147 (0.39) | 0.057 (0.11) | 0.030 (0.09) | −0.832 |
| Proportion of non-agriculture income in total income | 0.092 | −0.128 | 0.012 (0.27) | −0.035 (−0.59) | 0.107 | 0.008 (0.15) |
| Distance from plot(s) to house | −0.027 (−1.19) | −0.084 | 0.035 (1.57) | −0.007 (−0.24) | 0.042 | 0.013 (0.44) |
| Distance from plot(s) to local market | −0.020 (−1.03) | 0.018 (0.95) | 0.000 (0.04) | −0.030 (−1.12) | −0.039 | 0.038* (1.68) |
| Access to extension | −0.451 (−1.55) | −0.542 | 0.083 (0.29) | 0.687* (1.67) | −0.345 (−1.36) | 0.647* (1.76) |
| Access to credit | 0.045 (0.16) | −0.668 | 2.136 | 0.957 | −0.374 (−1.43) | −1.168 |
| Farmers’ group membership | −0.481 (−1.54) | 0.201 (0.68) | 1.040 | −0.962 | −0.352 (−1.25) | −0.308 (−0.78) |
| Access information on weather forecasting | −0.117 (−0.36) | 1.504 | 0.098 (0.30) | −0.668* (−1.67) | 0.308 (1.07) | −1.606 |
| Through drought | −0.416 (−0.99) | 0.057 (0.14) | −0.579 | 1.215 | 0.518 (1.38) | −0.409 (−0.85) |
| Through untimely rains | −1.304 | −0.238 (−0.61) | −0.160 (−0.40) | −0.037 (−0.07) | 0.635 | 0.067 (0.15) |
| Through abnormal temperature | −1.893 | 0.001 (0.00) | −0.206 (−0.61) | −0.758 | 0.077 (0.25) | 1.019 |
| Through Landslide or flashflood | −0.764 | 0.064 (0.20) | −0.138 (−0.42) | −0.361 (−0.81) | 0.210 (0.72) | −0.270 (−0.70) |
| 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 | 335 |
Notes:
Robust z-statistics in parentheses; *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1