Definitions of exploitation and exploration
| References | Exploitation | Exploration |
|---|---|---|
| March (1991) | Includes production, efficiency, selection, implementation, refinement and execution | Includes elements captured by terms such as search, variation, risk-taking, experimentation, flexibility, discovery and innovation |
| Crossan et al. (1999) | What has already been learned (feedback) | New learning (feedforward) |
| Holmqvist (2004) | Exploitation is about creating reliability inexperience and thrives on productivity and refinement. | Exploration is concerned with creating a variety in experience and thrives on experimentation and free association |
| Lubatkin et al. (2006) | Learning from a top-down process | A bottom-up learning process |
| Gupta et al. (2006) | Refining and using existing knowledge | Innovation, problem-solving and creating new knowledge |
| Vidgen and Wang (2009) | Improvements in productivity, improvements in processes and product extensions and enhancements | Innovation and knowledge creation |
| Newell (2015) | Available knowledge within an organization is accessed and the same mistakes are not repeated | Using and creating new knowledge and producing new products, services, organizational arrangements or business models |
| References | Exploitation | Exploration |
|---|---|---|
| Includes production, efficiency, selection, implementation, refinement and execution | Includes elements captured by terms such as search, variation, risk-taking, | |
| What has already been learned (feedback) | New learning (feedforward) | |
| Exploitation is about creating reliability inexperience and thrives on productivity and refinement. | Exploration is concerned with creating a variety in experience and thrives on experimentation and free association | |
| Learning from a top-down process | A bottom-up learning process | |
| Refining and using existing knowledge | Innovation, problem-solving and creating new knowledge | |
| Improvements in productivity, improvements in processes and product extensions and enhancements | Innovation and knowledge creation | |
| Available knowledge within an organization is accessed and the same mistakes are not repeated | Using and creating new knowledge and producing new products, services, organizational arrangements or business models |
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