Table 7. Comparison of rice farmers...

Table 7.

Comparison of rice farmers adopting and not adopting strategies to cope with climate change

Characteristics	Adopters	Non adopters	X²	Effect size
Gender
Male	156	156	0.028 ns	0.008 ns
Female	52	54
Education
Illiterate	185	170	5.212**	0.112**
Literate	23	40
Membership of rice farmers association
Yes	116	148	9.714**	0.152**
No	92	62
Training in rice production
Yes	116	159	18.470***	0.210***
No	92	51
Access to extension services
Yes	102	150	21.881***	0.229***
No	106	60
Use of fertilizer
Yes	159	167	0.578 ns	0.037 ns
No	49	43
Use of improved varieties
Yes	151	184	14.820***	0.188***
No	57	26
Land ownership
Yes	156	162	0.264 ns	0.025 ns
No	52	48
Irrigation
Yes	20	33	0.351 ns	0.092 ns
No	188	177
Soudanian zone
Yes	169	61	115.068***	0.525***
No	39	149
Soudano–Guinean zone
Yes	6	36	9.536**	0.237***
No	202	174
Guinean zone
Yes	30	109	66.182***	0.398***
No	178	101

Characteristics	Adopters	Non adopters	X²	Effect size
Gender
Male	156	156	0.028 ns	0.008 ns
Female	52	54
Education
Illiterate	185	170	5.212**	0.112**
Literate	23	40
Membership of rice farmers association
Yes	116	148	9.714**	0.152**
No	92	62
Training in rice production
Yes	116	159	18.470***	0.210***
No	92	51
Access to extension services
Yes	102	150	21.881***	0.229***
No	106	60
Use of fertilizer
Yes	159	167	0.578 ns	0.037 ns
No	49	43
Use of improved varieties
Yes	151	184	14.820***	0.188***
No	57	26
Land ownership
Yes	156	162	0.264 ns	0.025 ns
No	52	48
Irrigation
Yes	20	33	0.351 ns	0.092 ns
No	188	177
Soudanian zone
Yes	169	61	115.068***	0.525***
No	39	149
Soudano–Guinean zone
Yes	6	36	9.536**	0.237***
No	202	174
Guinean zone
Yes	30	109	66.182***	0.398***
No	178	101

Note:

ns: non-significant.

**and

***statistically significant at 5 and 1%, respectively

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