SNA-based humanitarian operations literature
| Name | SNA concepts | Major findings | Humanitarian context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moore et al. (2003) | Degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | NGOs with higher SNA centrality had a greater average number of emergency-project family beneficiaries | 2000 Mozambique floods |
| Doerfel et al. (2010) | Embeddedness: tie activation, tie strength and tie usefulness | Among the four phases of recovery: personal emergency, professional emergency, transition and rebuilding, inter-organizational social capital is most widely used by organizations in the last phase: rebuilding | Recovery after Hurricane Katrina |
| Álvarez and Serrato (2013) | In-degree, out-degree, closeness and betweenness centrality | Information organizations provide better linkages than other organizations in the network. The Ministry of the Presidency and the Regulatory Agency have control over the communication between different actors | Communication network of the National System of Civil Protection (SINAPROC) in Panama |
| Lai et al. (2015) | Network evolution, homophily, closure and centralization | Past relationships influence the formation of subsequent relationships after a disaster | Typhoon Haiyan |
| Bisri (2016) | In-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality; density and clique identification | SNA metrics characterized the West Java Earthquake as lead-agency network and the West Sumatra earthquake as a lead-partnership network, demonstrating the usefulness of the latter structure | 2009 West Java Earthquake and 2009 West Sumatra Earthquake |
| Curtis (2016) | Degree centrality | Organizations that could have been helpful to the relief effort were found to be isolated or peripheral to the response, suggesting that Hurricane Katrina was not just a natural disaster but also a communication crisis | Hurricane Katrina |
| Noori and Weber (2016) | Degree centrality | The switching capability and alteration between different sub-networks in the four stages of disaster management enhanced the capacity of the collaborative network | 2004 Tsunami disaster in India |
| Urrea et al. (2016) | Degree, eigenvector, closeness, betweenness centrality; density, components and small worlding | Having pre-established partnerships among implementers, a central coordinator, high connectivity and few structural holes facilitates coordination and improves performance in disaster recovery | 2010 Haiti earthquake and 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines |
| Kim et al. (2018) | In-degree, out-degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | News agencies exhibited the highest in- and out-degree centrality among high eigenvector centrality actors during the disaster | Storm Cindy |
| Han et al. (2018) | In-degree, out-degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | Top 10 in-degree, out-degree, and eigenvector centralities were individuals rather than organizations; organizations, however, had the highest betweenness centrality | 2016 Louisiana flood |
| Lai et al. (2017) | Network evolution, density and configuration | Demonstrates the evolutionary process of an emergent disaster response community | 2014 gas explosions in Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
| Swiss (2017) | In-degree centrality and global ties | Countries with higher adherence to world society norms are the beneficiaries of more aid relationships with donor countries | Official bilateral country aid relationships, 1975–2006 |
| Ssengooba et al. (2017) | Core-periphery analysis and density | More connected organizations can be leveraged for faster communication and resource flow to boost the delivery of health services | Post-conflict northern Uganda |
| Vachette et al. (2017) | Bonding, bridging, and linking networks | Continuous relationship-building is essential for fostering inter-organizational connections during a crisis | Cyclone Pam |
| Name | SNA concepts | Major findings | Humanitarian context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | NGOs with higher SNA centrality had a greater average number of emergency-project family beneficiaries | 2000 Mozambique floods | |
| Embeddedness: tie activation, tie strength and tie usefulness | Among the four phases of recovery: personal emergency, professional emergency, transition and rebuilding, inter-organizational social capital is most widely used by organizations in the last phase: rebuilding | Recovery after Hurricane Katrina | |
| In-degree, out-degree, closeness and betweenness centrality | Information organizations provide better linkages than other organizations in the network. The Ministry of the Presidency and the Regulatory Agency have control over the communication between different actors | Communication network of the National System of Civil Protection (SINAPROC) in Panama | |
| Network evolution, homophily, closure and centralization | Past relationships influence the formation of subsequent relationships after a disaster | Typhoon Haiyan | |
| In-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality; density and clique identification | SNA metrics characterized the West Java Earthquake as lead-agency network and the West Sumatra earthquake as a lead-partnership network, demonstrating the usefulness of the latter structure | 2009 West Java Earthquake and 2009 West Sumatra Earthquake | |
| Degree centrality | Organizations that could have been helpful to the relief effort were found to be isolated or peripheral to the response, suggesting that Hurricane Katrina was not just a natural disaster but also a communication crisis | Hurricane Katrina | |
| Degree centrality | The switching capability and alteration between different sub-networks in the four stages of disaster management enhanced the capacity of the collaborative network | 2004 Tsunami disaster in India | |
| Degree, eigenvector, closeness, betweenness centrality; density, components and small worlding | Having pre-established partnerships among implementers, a central coordinator, high connectivity and few structural holes facilitates coordination and improves performance in disaster recovery | 2010 Haiti earthquake and 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines | |
| In-degree, out-degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | News agencies exhibited the highest in- and out-degree centrality among high eigenvector centrality actors during the disaster | Storm Cindy | |
| In-degree, out-degree, eigenvector and betweenness centrality | Top 10 in-degree, out-degree, and eigenvector centralities were individuals rather than organizations; organizations, however, had the highest betweenness centrality | 2016 Louisiana flood | |
| Network evolution, density and configuration | Demonstrates the evolutionary process of an emergent disaster response community | 2014 gas explosions in Kaohsiung, Taiwan | |
| In-degree centrality and global ties | Countries with higher adherence to world society norms are the beneficiaries of more aid relationships with donor countries | Official bilateral country aid relationships, 1975–2006 | |
| Core-periphery analysis and density | More connected organizations can be leveraged for faster communication and resource flow to boost the delivery of health services | Post-conflict northern Uganda | |
| Bonding, bridging, and linking networks | Continuous relationship-building is essential for fostering inter-organizational connections during a crisis | Cyclone Pam |
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