Table 2

Proposals for knowledge transfer in clusters

DimensionPropositionsBase authors
Participation in the clusterProposition 1 – participation in the cluster intensifies the transfer of knowledge between organizations within the clusterTallman et al. (2004), Todeva, Knoke and Keskinva (2007), Hoffmann et al. (2014), Vásquez-Urriago et al. (2016), Bagley (2019) 
CooperationProposition 2 – cooperation intensifies the transfer of knowledge between organizations within the clusterSzulanski (2000), Arvanitis et al. (2011), Hoffmann et al. (2014), Sarach (2015) 
Relationship with institutions (support, teaching, research)Proposition 3 – the relationship with educational, research and support institutions intensifies the transfer of knowledge between organizations within the clusterEtzkowitz (2003), Zaccarelli et al. (2008), Arvanitis et al. (2011), Hoffmann et al. (2014), Williams and Pouder (2019) 
Workforce mobilityProposition 4 – the mobility of the workforce intensifies the transfer of knowledge between organizations within the clusterAsheim and Isaksen (2002), Malmberg and Power (2005), Arvanitis et al. (2011), Hoffmann et al. (2014) 
ProximityProposition 5 – proximity intensifies the transfer of knowledge between organizations within the clusterZaccarelli et al. (2008), Vásquez-Urriago et al. (2016), Bagley (2019), Williams and Pouder (2019) 

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