Table VI. SEM model: initial and final...

Table VI.

SEM model: initial and final coefficient of concordance

Fit index	Initial model values	Post-modification model values	Acceptable model fit levels	Source
χ²	2122.265	1172.912	Low χ² value and p < 0.01; p > 0.05	Hooper et al. (2008)
χ²/df	2.880	2.264	χ²/df < 3 χ²/df < 2	Kline, 2015, Wheaton et al. (1977) Tabachnick and Fidell (2007)
SRMR	0.085	0.050	SRMR ≤ 0.05 SRMR ≤ 0.08	Byrne (2013), Diamantopoulos and Siguaw (2000), Hu and Bentler, 1999
RMSEA	0.71	0.058	RMSEA < 0.05 RMSEA ≤ 0.07	Hu and Bentler (1999), Steiger, 2007
IFI	0.835	0.955	0.95 ≤ IFI ≤ 0.95	Miles and Shevlin (2007),
CFI	0.834	0.974	0.97 ≤ CFI ≤ 1	Hu and Bentler (1999),
GFI	0.772	0.960	0.95 ≤ GFI ≤ 1	Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), Miles and Shevlin (2007)
AGFI	0.747	0.857	0.85 ≤ AGFI ≤ 1	Tabachnick and Fidell (2007)
TLI	0.824	0.967	0.95 ≤ TLI ≤ 1	Hu and Bentler, 1999; Sharma et al., 2005

Fit index	Initial model values	Post-modification model values	Acceptable model fit levels	Source
χ²	2122.265	1172.912	Low χ² value and p < 0.01; p > 0.05	Hooper et al. (2008)
χ²/df	2.880	2.264	χ²/df < 3 χ²/df < 2	Kline, 2015, Wheaton et al. (1977) Tabachnick and Fidell (2007)
SRMR	0.085	0.050	SRMR ≤ 0.05 SRMR ≤ 0.08	Byrne (2013), Diamantopoulos and Siguaw (2000), Hu and Bentler, 1999
RMSEA	0.71	0.058	RMSEA < 0.05 RMSEA ≤ 0.07	Hu and Bentler (1999), Steiger, 2007
IFI	0.835	0.955	0.95 ≤ IFI ≤ 0.95	Miles and Shevlin (2007),
CFI	0.834	0.974	0.97 ≤ CFI ≤ 1	Hu and Bentler (1999),
GFI	0.772	0.960	0.95 ≤ GFI ≤ 1	Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), Miles and Shevlin (2007)
AGFI	0.747	0.857	0.85 ≤ AGFI ≤ 1	Tabachnick and Fidell (2007)
TLI	0.824	0.967	0.95 ≤ TLI ≤ 1	Hu and Bentler, 1999; Sharma et al., 2005

Notes:

χ²: minimum value of the discrepancy function; χ²/df: minimum value of the discrepancy function divided by degrees of freedom; SRMR: standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA: root mean square error of approximation; IFI: incremental fit index; CFI: comparative fit index; GFI: goodness-of-fit index; AGFI: adjusted goodness-of-fit index; TLI: Tucker–Lewis index

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