Random effects estimation results
| Variable | Leadership (logs) (1) | Innovation (logs) (2) | Collaboration (logs) (3) | Training (logs) (4) | Digitization (logs) (5) | Results (logs) (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exporter | 0.250*** (0.017) | 0.150*** (0.022) | 0.044*** (0.009) | 0.091*** (0.013) | 0.131*** (0.018) | 0.120*** (0.013) |
| Multinational | 0.383*** (0.030) | 0.302*** (0.036) | 0.182*** (0.024) | 0.199*** (0.031) | 0.236*** (0.031) | 0.185*** (0.025) |
| Medium | 0.210*** (0.022) | 0.224*** (0.025) | 0.106*** (0.013) | 0.249*** (0.019) | 0.147*** (0.021) | 0.063*** (0.015) |
| Large | 0.400*** (0.029) | 0.469*** (0.034) | 0.242*** (0.022) | 0.505*** (0.029) | 0.311*** (0.027) | 0.101*** (0.021) |
| Foreign ownership | −0.025 (0.027) | 0.028 (0.035) | −0.023 (0.021) | 0.159*** (0.030) | 0.015 (0.027) | −0.053** (0.021) |
| F-test exporter = multinational | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Variable | Leadership (logs) (1) | Innovation (logs) (2) | Collaboration (logs) (3) | Training (logs) (4) | Digitization (logs) (5) | Results (logs) (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exporter | 0.250 | 0.150 | 0.044 | 0.091 | 0.131 | 0.120 |
| Multinational | 0.383 | 0.302 | 0.182 | 0.199 | 0.236 | 0.185 |
| Medium | 0.210 | 0.224 | 0.106 | 0.249 | 0.147 | 0.063 |
| Large | 0.400 | 0.469 | 0.242 | 0.505 | 0.311 | 0.101 |
| Foreign ownership | −0.025 (0.027) | 0.028 (0.035) | −0.023 (0.021) | 0.159 | 0.015 (0.027) | −0.053 |
| 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 |
Notes:
In all the regressions we have controlled manufacturing industry to three digits. All the firms in the sample (2.468) are included in the estimations. Robust standard errors (clustered by firm) are given in parentheses; *, ** and *** denote significance at the 10, 5 and 1 per cent levels, respectively. In the last row, we include the p-value obtained from the F-equality test
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