By mode of learning comparison of teachers' knowledge and use for different levels of BDT (N = 50)
| BDT levels and digital verbs | University | N | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | Median | Mann–Whitney U | Sig. (2-tailed) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remembering (bookmarking and favorting) | Virtual | 18 | 36.06 | 613.0 | 14.50 | 134.0 | 0.02 |
| Conventional | 32 | 20.69 | 662.0 | 12.0 | |||
| Googling and advance searching (understanding) | Virtual | 18 | 31.00 | 558.0 | 15.50 | 189.0 | 0.04 |
| Conventional | 32 | 22.41 | 717.0 | 13.0 | |||
| Understanding (blog journaling) | Virtual | 18 | 21.39 | 385.0 | 12.0 | 214.0 | 0.13 |
| Conventional | 32 | 27.81 | 890.0 | 15.0 | |||
| Skyping (applying) | Virtual | 18 | 32.86` | 591.5 | 28.0 | 155.5 | . 00 |
| Conventional | 32 | 21.36 | 683.5 | 23.5 | |||
| Applying (content authoring) | Virtual | 18 | 28.33 | 510.0 | 18.0 | 237.0 | 0.30 |
| Conventional | 32 | 23.91 | 765.0 | 15.0 | |||
| Applying (collaborating using e-tools) | Virtual | 18 | 25.17 | 453.0 | 18.0 | 453.0 | 0.90 |
| Conventional | 32 | 25.69 | 822.0 | 17.5 | |||
| Applying (IWB) | Virtual | 18 | 27.06 | 487.0 | 24.0 | 788.0 | 0.57 |
| Conventional | 32 | 24.63 | 788.0 | 23.5 | |||
| Analyzing (data processing) | Virtual | 18 | 32.28 | 518.0 | 23.5 | 166.0 | 0.01 |
| Conventional | 32 | 21.69 | 694.0 | 20.0 | |||
| Evaluating (validating information and referencing) | Virtual | 18 | 27.75 | 499.0 | 20.0 | 775.5 | 0.41 |
| Conventional | 32 | 24.23 | 775.0 | 19.0 | |||
| Creativity (podcasting and digital publication | Virtual | 18 | 23.83 | 429.0 | 19.5 | 429.0 | 0.54 |
| Conventional | 32 | 26.44 | 846.0 | 21.0 |
| BDT levels and digital verbs | University | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | Median | Mann–Whitney | Sig. (2-tailed) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remembering (bookmarking and favorting) | Virtual | 18 | 36.06 | 613.0 | 14.50 | 134.0 | 0.02 |
| Conventional | 32 | 20.69 | 662.0 | 12.0 | |||
| Googling and advance searching (understanding) | Virtual | 18 | 31.00 | 558.0 | 15.50 | 189.0 | 0.04 |
| Conventional | 32 | 22.41 | 717.0 | 13.0 | |||
| Understanding (blog journaling) | Virtual | 18 | 21.39 | 385.0 | 12.0 | 214.0 | 0.13 |
| Conventional | 32 | 27.81 | 890.0 | 15.0 | |||
| Skyping (applying) | Virtual | 18 | 32.86` | 591.5 | 28.0 | 155.5 | . 00 |
| Conventional | 32 | 21.36 | 683.5 | 23.5 | |||
| Applying (content authoring) | Virtual | 18 | 28.33 | 510.0 | 18.0 | 237.0 | 0.30 |
| Conventional | 32 | 23.91 | 765.0 | 15.0 | |||
| Applying (collaborating using e-tools) | Virtual | 18 | 25.17 | 453.0 | 18.0 | 453.0 | 0.90 |
| Conventional | 32 | 25.69 | 822.0 | 17.5 | |||
| Applying (IWB) | Virtual | 18 | 27.06 | 487.0 | 24.0 | 788.0 | 0.57 |
| Conventional | 32 | 24.63 | 788.0 | 23.5 | |||
| Analyzing (data processing) | Virtual | 18 | 32.28 | 518.0 | 23.5 | 166.0 | 0.01 |
| Conventional | 32 | 21.69 | 694.0 | 20.0 | |||
| Evaluating (validating information and referencing) | Virtual | 18 | 27.75 | 499.0 | 20.0 | 775.5 | 0.41 |
| Conventional | 32 | 24.23 | 775.0 | 19.0 | |||
| Creativity (podcasting and digital publication | Virtual | 18 | 23.83 | 429.0 | 19.5 | 429.0 | 0.54 |
| Conventional | 32 | 26.44 | 846.0 | 21.0 |
Note(s): *p < 0.05
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