Table 9

By mode of learning comparison of students' mean scores for lower- and higher-order thinking levels

VariableMode of learningStudents’ N = 427
Independent sample t-test
MeanSDdftSig
Lower-order thinkingVirtual115.5219.184250.1230.12
Conventional112.2822.94 
Higher-order thinkingVirtual61.113.3395.240.0130.01
Conventional57.8213.4 

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