Table 1.

Categorization of innovation concepts

ApproachBoP innovationDisruptive innovationFrugal innovationReverse innovationInclusive innovation
Top-downInnovation in SM with focus on organizationsDisruptive innovation in SM with focus on organizationsFrugal innovation in SM with a focus on organizationsReverse innovation in SM with a focus on organizationsInclusive innovation in SM with a focus on organizations
Anderson and Markides (2007) and Prahalad (2005) Christensen (1997) and Hang et al. (2010) Brem and Ivens (2013) and Altmann and Engberg (2016) Govindarajan and Trimble (2012) and Corsi, Di Minin and Piccaluga (2014) Foster and Heeks (2013a) and George, McGahan and Prabhu (2012) 
Bottom-upInnovation in SM with focus on individualsDisruptive innovation in SM with a focus on individualsFrugal innovation in SM with a focus on individualsReverse innovation in SM with a focus on individualsInclusive innovation in SM with a focus on individuals
Nakata & Weidner;
Viswanathan and Sridharan (2012) 		GapGapGovindarajan and Ramamurti (2011) and Govindarajan and Trimble (2013) Foster and Heeks (2013b) and Foster and Heeks (2013c) 

Note:

SM: subsistence marketplace

[ViewLarge]
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options