Description of variables used in the study
| Variables | Mean | SD | Variable Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variables | |||
| CD (D) | 0.20 | 0.40 | 1 if crop diversification is practiced and 0 if not |
| IS (D) | 0.03 | 0.17 | 1 if stress tolerant seed variety used and 0 if not |
| MT (D) | 0.19 | 0.39 | 1 if MT; 0 if conventional tillage |
| NM (D) | 0.18 | 0.39 | 1 if SSNM and 0 if not |
| Total CSAPs | 0.43 | 0.52 | Adoption intensity; integer value from 0 to 4 |
| Independent variables | |||
| Household characteristics | |||
| Male headed household (D) | 0.92 | 0.27 | 1 if male and 0 if female |
| General caste (D) | 0.33 | 0.47 | 1 if general caste and 0 otherwise |
| Age (C) | 51 | 13 | Age of household head in year |
| Literate HH head (D) | 0.64 | 0.48 | 1 if literate and 0 otherwise |
| Literate spouse of HH head (D) | 0.27 | 0.44 | 1 if literate and 0 otherwise |
| Family size (C) | 6.40 | 2.88 | Number of family members |
| Migrant (D) | 0.32 | 0.47 | 1 if at least one migrant member and 0 otherwise |
| Farmland characteristics | |||
| Tenure of plot (D) | 0.76 | 0.43 | 1 if owned and 0 if rented in |
| Area of plot (C) | 0.12 | 0.13 | Area of plot in hectare |
| Soil fertility (D) | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1 if good and 0 otherwise |
| Soil depth (D) | 0.15 | 0.36 | 1 if deep and 0 if shallow |
| Land slope (D) | 0.47 | 0.50 | 1 if gentle slope and 0 if medium/steep slope |
| Distance (C) | 0.75 | 1.05 | Distance from house to plot in Km |
| Economic and social capital | |||
| Land operated (in ha) (C) | 0.51 | 0.52 | Total land operated |
| TLU (C) | 0.70 | 0.82 | Livestock owned |
| Asset index | 0.30 | 0.53 | Household asset index |
| Credit access (D) | 0.39 | 0.49 | 1 if farmer has credit access and 0 otherwise |
| Association in group (D) | 0.11 | 0.31 | 1 if membership in any association and 0 otherwise |
| Access to market and agricultural extension service and training | |||
| Distance to local market (C) | 2.46 | 1.49 | Distance to local market from house (in km) |
| Distance to agriculture extension service (C) | 4.67 | 3.71 | Distance to agriculture extension service from house (in km) |
| Training (D) | 0.24 | 0.41 | 1 if participated in agricultural training and 0 otherwise |
| Main source of information | |||
| Farmer to farmer communication (D) | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1 if information received from neighbor/relative farmer/cooperative and 0 otherwise |
| Government extension (D) | 0.03 | 0.12 | 1 if information received from government extension service and 0 otherwise |
| ICT (D) | 0.03 | 0.17 | 1 if information received from radio, newspaper, TV, mobile and 0 otherwise |
| Seed traders/private company (D) | 0.28 | 0.45 | 1 if information received from seed traders/private company and 0 otherwise |
| Climate risks experienced by household over the past five years | |||
| Heat stress (D) | 0.72 | 0.45 | 1 if farmer experienced heat stress and 0 otherwise |
| Less rainfall (D) | 0.91 | 0.28 | 1 if farmer experienced less rainfall and 0 otherwise |
| Decrease winter (D) | 0.27 | 0.44 | 1 if farmer experienced decrease winter and 0 otherwise |
| Total number of HH (plot) | 641(2004) | ||
| Variables | Mean | SD | Variable Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD (D) | 0.20 | 0.40 | 1 if crop diversification is practiced and 0 if not |
| IS (D) | 0.03 | 0.17 | 1 if stress tolerant seed variety used and 0 if not |
| MT (D) | 0.19 | 0.39 | 1 if MT; 0 if conventional tillage |
| NM (D) | 0.18 | 0.39 | 1 if SSNM and 0 if not |
| Total CSAPs | 0.43 | 0.52 | Adoption intensity; integer value from 0 to 4 |
| Household characteristics | |||
| Male headed household (D) | 0.92 | 0.27 | 1 if male and 0 if female |
| General caste (D) | 0.33 | 0.47 | 1 if general caste and 0 otherwise |
| Age (C) | 51 | 13 | Age of household head in year |
| Literate HH head (D) | 0.64 | 0.48 | 1 if literate and 0 otherwise |
| Literate spouse of HH head (D) | 0.27 | 0.44 | 1 if literate and 0 otherwise |
| Family size (C) | 6.40 | 2.88 | Number of family members |
| Migrant (D) | 0.32 | 0.47 | 1 if at least one migrant member and 0 otherwise |
| Farmland characteristics | |||
| Tenure of plot (D) | 0.76 | 0.43 | 1 if owned and 0 if rented in |
| Area of plot (C) | 0.12 | 0.13 | Area of plot in hectare |
| Soil fertility (D) | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1 if good and 0 otherwise |
| Soil depth (D) | 0.15 | 0.36 | 1 if deep and 0 if shallow |
| Land slope (D) | 0.47 | 0.50 | 1 if gentle slope and 0 if medium/steep slope |
| Distance (C) | 0.75 | 1.05 | Distance from house to plot in Km |
| Economic and social capital | |||
| Land operated (in ha) (C) | 0.51 | 0.52 | Total land operated |
| TLU (C) | 0.70 | 0.82 | Livestock owned |
| Asset index | 0.30 | 0.53 | Household asset index |
| Credit access (D) | 0.39 | 0.49 | 1 if farmer has credit access and 0 otherwise |
| Association in group (D) | 0.11 | 0.31 | 1 if membership in any association and 0 otherwise |
| Distance to local market (C) | 2.46 | 1.49 | Distance to local market from house (in km) |
| Distance to agriculture extension service (C) | 4.67 | 3.71 | Distance to agriculture extension service from house (in km) |
| Training (D) | 0.24 | 0.41 | 1 if participated in agricultural training and 0 otherwise |
| Farmer to farmer communication (D) | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1 if information received from neighbor/relative farmer/cooperative and 0 otherwise |
| Government extension (D) | 0.03 | 0.12 | 1 if information received from government extension service and 0 otherwise |
| ICT (D) | 0.03 | 0.17 | 1 if information received from radio, newspaper, TV, mobile and 0 otherwise |
| Seed traders/private company (D) | 0.28 | 0.45 | 1 if information received from seed traders/private company and 0 otherwise |
| Heat stress (D) | 0.72 | 0.45 | 1 if farmer experienced heat stress and 0 otherwise |
| Less rainfall (D) | 0.91 | 0.28 | 1 if farmer experienced less rainfall and 0 otherwise |
| Decrease winter (D) | 0.27 | 0.44 | 1 if farmer experienced decrease winter and 0 otherwise |
| Total number of HH (plot) | 641(2004) | ||
Notes: C – Continuous variable; D-Dummy variable