The role of informal institutions for adaptation practices in Karail
| Institutions available to poor urban households | Access to assets | Asset adaptation |
|---|---|---|
| Internally connected leaders and economic elites within the settlement | Employment, financial assets and emergency credit | Household economic measures (e.g. regular employment, employment diversification). The emergency credit helps households to use physical measures |
| Externally connected leaders build informal relation with public service delivering organizations | Access to water supply | Households can access water for their daily use within their housing compound, which saves time for income generation. But water is insufficient for meeting daily needs. During monsoon, water often gets contaminated due to unhygienic pollution entering pipes at weak connection points. Moreover, poor households use ring wells to collect water from this unhygienic pipe system, which increases health risks. When flood strikes, households have to collect water from alternate source (tube well) from further distance, at a higher price and with longer waiting time due to increased people using the same water source |
| Access to electricity | Access to electricity connection provides an opportunity for poor households to increase their power usage to reduce heat stress during summer. But in Karail during hot weather, the increased use of informal power frequently causes electrical connections to short-circuit, resulting in fires (which can spread quickly in dense settlements) | |
| Civil society organizations and community groups for tenure security | Tenure security | Households can deploy preventive and impact minimizing physical measures to climate variability |
| NGOs and community groups | Accessing services (e.g. credit, health services, education and emergency relief) | Household can deploy various economic and socially oriented measures to reduce the impacts of climate stresses and shocks |
| Formal political systems through externally connected leaders | Access to emergency relief | When disaster strikes, households get access to formal support (e.g. relief and financial grants) |
| Elite neighbours near the Karail settlements | Employment, financial credit and emergency relief | It facilitates household economic measures; and emergency relief helps to build households’ emergency preparedness |
| Locally formed groups (e.g. Bazaar (market) committee, regional committee, youth groups and women‘s groups) | Emergency services | Move vulnerable individuals, households to safer places, distribution of flood warning system and community collective actions for preparedness recovery |
| Institutions available to poor urban households | Access to assets | Asset adaptation |
|---|---|---|
| Internally connected leaders and economic elites within the settlement | Employment, financial assets and emergency credit | Household economic measures (e.g. regular employment, employment diversification). The emergency credit helps households to use physical measures |
| Externally connected leaders build informal relation with public service delivering organizations | Access to water supply | Households can access water for their daily use within their housing compound, which saves time for income generation. But water is insufficient for meeting daily needs. During monsoon, water often gets contaminated due to unhygienic pollution entering pipes at weak connection points. Moreover, poor households use ring wells to collect water from this unhygienic pipe system, which increases health risks. When flood strikes, households have to collect water from alternate source (tube well) from further distance, at a higher price and with longer waiting time due to increased people using the same water source |
| Access to electricity | Access to electricity connection provides an opportunity for poor households to increase their power usage to reduce heat stress during summer. But in Karail during hot weather, the increased use of informal power frequently causes electrical connections to short-circuit, resulting in fires (which can spread quickly in dense settlements) | |
| Civil society organizations and community groups for tenure security | Tenure security | Households can deploy preventive and impact minimizing physical measures to climate variability |
| NGOs and community groups | Accessing services (e.g. credit, health services, education and emergency relief) | Household can deploy various economic and socially oriented measures to reduce the impacts of climate stresses and shocks |
| Formal political systems through externally connected leaders | Access to emergency relief | When disaster strikes, households get access to formal support (e.g. relief and financial grants) |
| Elite neighbours near the Karail settlements | Employment, financial credit and emergency relief | It facilitates household economic measures; and emergency relief helps to build households’ emergency preparedness |
| Locally formed groups | Emergency services | Move vulnerable individuals, households to safer places, distribution of flood warning system and community collective actions for preparedness recovery |