Table IV.

GOF indices

GOFCFASEM
Measurement
model
Structural modelThresholds
Chi-square (χ²)/df467.264/263560.069/265Sensitive to size
Absolute fit measures
P-value0.0000.000P > 0.05
Normed chi-square (CMIN/DF)1.7772.113r < 5*
Root mean sq. error of appr. (RMSEA)0.0460.055≤ 0.08**
Incremental fit indices
Comparative fit index (CFI)0.9560.936> 0.90***
Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI)0.9500.928> 0.90***
Source: AMOS Output Table (2019)

Notes: *Ratios not greater than 5 indicate a reasonable fit (Marsh and Hocevar, 1985);

**Values of about 0.08 or less would indicate a reasonable fit (Browne and Cudeck, 1993);

***Values closer to 1 indicate a very good fit (Bentler, 1983; Jan, 2012; Zainudin, 2014)

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