Odds ratios (OR) of sleep loss and their 95% confidence intervals for each factor and daily dose adjusted for all other factors using GEE (Exchangeable, QIC=15,141.01, QICC=15,054.85)
| Factor | Sleep loss <8 h | 95% CI | |||||
| Yes | No | Crude OR | Adjusted OR | Lower | Upper | p-value | |
| Anxiety score mean ±SD | 2.1±2.6 | 1.5±2.2 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.11 | <0.01 |
| Depression score mean ±SD | 1.7±2.4 | 1.2±2.0 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 0.04 |
| Lag_4 dose (× 10−3 mW) mean ±SD | 1.7±7.0 | 2.4±22.0 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 1.16 × 10−5 | 0.89 | 0.05 |
| 6,717 | 5,979 | ||||||
| Factor | Total | Sleep loss % | Crude OR | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
| Lower | Upper | p-value | |||||
| Headache: yes/no | 1,705/10,991 | 57.0/52.3 | 1.21 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.31 | 0.02 |
| Daily dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00/⩽1.79 | 10,567/1,943 | 53.8/48.5 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.08 | 1.60 | <0.01 |
| Evening dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00/⩽1.79 | 9,747/2,648 | 53.8/50.2 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 1.77 | 0.04 |
| Nocturnal dose (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00//⩽1.79 | 7,646/3,597 | 55.6/47.7 | 1.27 | 1.41 | 1.09 | 1.82 | <0.01 |
| Morning dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾200/180–199 | 9,710/120 | 54.9/41.7 | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.11 | 2.31 | 0.01 |
| Daytime dose group (×10−5mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00//⩽1.79 | 9,896/2,303 | 54.5/47.7 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 1.04 | 1.77 | 0.03 |
| Factor | Sleep loss <8 h | 95% CI | |||||
| Yes | No | Crude OR | Adjusted OR | Lower | Upper | ||
| Anxiety score mean ±SD | 2.1±2.6 | 1.5±2.2 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.11 | <0.01 |
| Depression score mean ±SD | 1.7±2.4 | 1.2±2.0 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 0.04 |
| Lag_4 dose (× 10−3 mW) mean ±SD | 1.7±7.0 | 2.4±22.0 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 1.16 × 10−5 | 0.89 | 0.05 |
| 6,717 | 5,979 | ||||||
| Factor | Total | Sleep loss % | Crude OR | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Headache: yes/no | 1,705/10,991 | 57.0/52.3 | 1.21 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.31 | 0.02 |
| Daily dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00/⩽1.79 | 10,567/1,943 | 53.8/48.5 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.08 | 1.60 | <0.01 |
| Evening dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00/⩽1.79 | 9,747/2,648 | 53.8/50.2 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 1.77 | 0.04 |
| Nocturnal dose (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00//⩽1.79 | 7,646/3,597 | 55.6/47.7 | 1.27 | 1.41 | 1.09 | 1.82 | <0.01 |
| Morning dose group (×10−5 mW) | |||||||
| ⩾200/180–199 | 9,710/120 | 54.9/41.7 | 1.44 | 1.60 | 1.11 | 2.31 | 0.01 |
| Daytime dose group (×10−5mW) | |||||||
| ⩾2.00//⩽1.79 | 9,896/2,303 | 54.5/47.7 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 1.04 | 1.77 | 0.03 |
Note: Adjust by age, BMI, vision, anxiety, depression, bad hygiene sleep, coffee drink, headache, internet use, hand-free use, brand device, smartphone output power