Mean difference of TPSQI components related to preintervention and postintervention for each group and between-group change score analysis
| Variables (range: 0–3) | Group (n = 33) | Mean difference (SD) (after – before) | Between-group difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective sleep quality | Qigong | −0.36 (0.74) | −0.67 (−1.02, −0.32)** |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.30 (0.68) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep latency | Qigong | −0.64 (0.99) | −0.79 (−1.30, −0.27)* |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.15 (1.09) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep duration | Qigong | −0.18 (1.51) | −0.36 (−1.05, 0.33) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.18 (1.29) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Habitual sleep efficiency | Qigong | −0.24 (0.66) | −0.12 (−0.57, 0.33) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | −0.12 (1.11) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep disturbance | Qigong | −0.27 (0.83) | −0.24 (−0.62, 0.13) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | −0.03 (0.68) | – | |
| Use of sleeping medication | Qigong | −0.21 (0.86) | −0.24 (−0.91, 0.42) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.03 (1.70) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Daytime dysfunction | Qigong | −0.42 (1.06) | −0.52 (−0.02, 1.02) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.09 (1.10) | – |
| Variables (range: 0–3) | Group ( | Mean difference (SD) (after – before) | Between-group difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective sleep quality | Qigong | −0.36 (0.74) | −0.67 (−1.02, −0.32)** |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.30 (0.68) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep latency | Qigong | −0.64 (0.99) | −0.79 (−1.30, −0.27)* |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.15 (1.09) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep duration | Qigong | −0.18 (1.51) | −0.36 (−1.05, 0.33) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.18 (1.29) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Habitual sleep efficiency | Qigong | −0.24 (0.66) | −0.12 (−0.57, 0.33) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | −0.12 (1.11) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Sleep disturbance | Qigong | −0.27 (0.83) | −0.24 (−0.62, 0.13) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | −0.03 (0.68) | – | |
| Use of sleeping medication | Qigong | −0.21 (0.86) | −0.24 (−0.91, 0.42) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.03 (1.70) | – | |
| – | – | ||
| Daytime dysfunction | Qigong | −0.42 (1.06) | −0.52 (−0.02, 1.02) |
| – | – | ||
| Control | 0.09 (1.10) | – |
Notes: *P < 0.05;
**P < 0.001
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