Table I

Disaster classification models

AuthorDimensions of classification
Berren et al. (1980) Type (man-made, natural)
Duration of disaster
Degree of personal impact
Potential for occurrence/reoccurrence
Control over future impact
Kaplan and Garrick (1981) Probability of occurrence
Magnitude of consequence
Fothergill (1998) Exposure to risk
Risk perception
Preparedness behaviour
Warning communication and response
Physical impacts
Psychological impacts
Emergency response
Recovery and reconstruction
Barton (2005) Societal scope (local, segmental, regional and national)
Concentration in time (sudden, gradual and chronic)
Gundel (2005) Predictability
Influence of response
Sheffi and Rice (2005) Probability of occurrence
Magnitude of consequence
Van Wassenhove (2006) Cause (man-made, natural)
Speed of onset (slow-onset and sudden-onset)
Haimes (2009) Time
Probability of occurrence
Probability of consequences
Vector of system states
Vector of resulting consequences
Rao and Goldsby (2009) Source of risk (environmental, industry, organisational, problem specific and decision maker)
Apte (2010) Time (slow-onset and sudden-onset)
Location (localised and dispersed)
L’Hermitte et al. (2014) Time (slow-onset, sudden-onset)
Location (localised and dispersed)
System characteristics
Guha-Sapir et al. (2016) Natural cause (geophysical, hydrological, meteorological, climatological, biological and extra-terrestrial)

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