Common elements of disasters
| Reference | An event/s in time/space | Causes system disruption | Overwhelms system capabilities | Declared a disaster | Prompt for external assistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNISDR (2009, p. 9) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Guha-Sapir et al. (2016, p. 7) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Mohamed Shaluf (2007, p. 704) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2015) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Quarantelli (1985, pp. 43-44) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Emergency Management Australia (1998, pp. 32-33) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Dynes (1998, p. 113) | ✓ | ||||
| Federal Emergency Management Agency (2013, p. 2) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Smith (2005, p. 221) | ✓ | ||||
| Rautela (2006, p. 802) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Porfiriev (1998, pp. 61-62) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Keller and Al-Madhari (1996, p. 1) | ✓ | ||||
| Asian Development Bank (2004, p. 1) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Van Wassenhove (2006, p. 476) | ✓ |
| Reference | An event/s in time/space | Causes system disruption | Overwhelms system capabilities | Declared a disaster | Prompt for external assistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ✓ | |||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| ✓ | |||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| ✓ | |||||
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| ✓ |
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