Interaction effect on earnings management
| M4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Explanatory variables | Predicted sign | Coef | (z-statistic) |
| COVID | ? | −0.024*** | (−4.06) |
| COVID*ROA | – | −0.006 | (−0.77) |
| COVID*MTB | + | 0.037*** | (5.06) |
| COVID*LEV | + | 0.022* | (1.84) |
| COVID*AUD | – | −0.008*** | (−3.41) |
| COVID*BLOC | – | −0.002 | (−1.03) |
| COVID*SIZE | ? | 0.011 | (0.57) |
| Constant | ? | 0.388** | (2.17) |
| Observations | 410 | ||
| Wald χ2 | 217.41*** | ||
| Log likelihood | −124.378 | ||
| M4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Explanatory variables | Predicted sign | Coef | (z-statistic) |
| COVID | ? | −0.024*** | (−4.06) |
| COVID*ROA | – | −0.006 | (−0.77) |
| COVID*MTB | + | 0.037*** | (5.06) |
| COVID*LEV | + | 0.022* | (1.84) |
| COVID*AUD | – | −0.008*** | (−3.41) |
| COVID*BLOC | – | −0.002 | (−1.03) |
| COVID*SIZE | ? | 0.011 | (0.57) |
| Constant | ? | 0.388** | (2.17) |
| Observations | 410 | ||
| Wald | 217.41*** | ||
| Log likelihood | −124.378 | ||
Source(s): Authors own work
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.