Table 4

Robustness tests: shorter vs longer CEO tenure

Panel A: CEO trustworthiness and board monitoring structure
Dep = Bd_IndBd_FemaleBd_SizeBd_IntMBd_RG
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)
CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenur ≥ 8
Trust_CEO0.007***(0.002)0.012 (0.010)0.003**(0.002)0.000 (0.007)0.081*(0.048)0.169 (0.189)0.218**(0.099)0.250 (0.472)0.093**(0.046)0.719 (0.566)
Observations11,4574,74411,4574,74411,4574,7446,2151,8543,9651,341
ControlsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
CEO Age GroupYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Firm FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Adj./pseudo R20.7180.7740.7230.7920.8110.8590.2320.2560.9490.973
Panel B: CEO trustworthiness, board monitoring activities and CEO incentive alignment
Dep = Bd_MeetMoni_MeetCEO_IncentCEO_Owner
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8CEO_Tenure < 8CEO_Tenure ≥ 8
Trust_CEO0.419** (0.189)0.492 (1.961)0.270** (0.115)1.159 (1.476)0.008** (0.004)0.015 (0.017)0.167* (0.099)0.995 (0.636)
Observations3,2651,1203,2651,12011,4384,7249,3253,529
ControlsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
CEO Age GroupYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Firm FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Adj. R20.4850.5890.5530.6510.6220.7500.7740.887

Note(s): This table reports results examining whether our results are driven by shorter tenure CEOs. We conduct subsample analysis by separately examining firm-year observations when the CEO_Tenure is below the Q3 (i.e. 8 years) and above the Q3. Panel A examines the impact of CEOs' facial trustworthiness on board monitoring structure, while Panel B examines the impact of CEOs' facial trustworthiness on board monitoring activities and CEO incentive alignment. See  Appendix for variable definitions. Robust standard errors are clustered at the firm and year level. The standard errors are reported in parentheses. ***, ** and * indicates p-values of 1, 5 and 10%, respectively

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